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17,191 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Nov 2026

Optimizing Anytime Reasoning via Budget Relative Policy Optimization

Scaling test-time compute is crucial for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Existing approaches typically employ reinforcement learning (RL) to maximize a verifiable reward obtained at the end of reasoning traces. However, such methods optimize only the final performance under a large...

Penghui Qi, Zichen Liu, Tianyu Pang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Nov 2026

Time Will Tell: Harness Time to Denoise Collaborative Filtering

Neural graph collaborative filtering is a powerful tool for recommendation due to its superb capability of capturing the user-item interaction. Despite the substantial progress, the noisy nature of interaction data remains a significant challenge in collaborative filtering, especially for data collected from implicit f...

Xinyu He, Jose Sepulveda, Mostafa Rahmani et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Nov 2026

LegoSR: A Unified Framework for Self-improving Agent-Guided Scientific Discovery

Equation discovery solvers often use different data interfaces, equation representations and evaluation criteria, making their results hard to compare. We present LegoSR, a unified framework for algebraic symbolic regression and differential equation discovery. LegoSR integrates seven solvers through a common equation...

Hao Mao, Xu T. Liu, Peng Zhao et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Nov 2026

Physics-Audited Agentic Discovery in Scientific Machine Learning

Agentic discovery can yield mechanics surrogates with low validation error that nonetheless violate physical requirements. We present Physics-Audited Agentic SciML (PA-SciML), a framework combining large language model agents with physics auditing. Physical requirements, encoded as contracts such as superposition, boun...

Diab W. Abueidda, Bilal Ahmed, Panos Pantidis et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Nov 2026

GENSTRAT: Toward a Science of Strategic Reasoning in Large Language Models

Fixed game suites for evaluating strategic reasoning in large language models (LLMs) saturate and are hard to keep free of contamination. We introduce GENSTRAT, a system for evaluating the strategic capabilities of LLMs driven by procedural generation of two-player zero-sum imperfect-information betting games, allowing...

Vartan Shadarevian, Kia Ghods, Alex Kenich et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Nov 2026

Controllable User Simulation

Using offline datasets to evaluate conversational agents often fails to cover rare scenarios or to support testing new policies. This has motivated the use of controllable user simulators for targeted, counterfactual evaluation, typically implemented by prompting or fine-tuning large language models. In this work, we f...

Guy Tennenholtz, Ofer Meshi, Amir Globerson et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Nov 2026

Learning Clean Generative Processes from Noisy Measurements

We study how to learn a generative model of clean images using only noisy observations. Diffusion processes and their generalizations to non-Gaussian noise require posterior predictions at every noise level. We first show that it is possible to learn these predictions from independent noisy views using Noise2Noise regr...

Fabian Kruse, Lorenzo Baldassari, Ivan Dokmani\'c · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

There Is No Free Loop: When Does Looping a Trained Model Pay for Its Inference Compute?

Looping re-applies a block of layers so that each token passes through the block more than once. Adding a loop to a trained model is attractive because it leaves the parameter count, and hence the disk size, the memory footprint and the training cost unchanged. Unfortunately, every generated token pays for the loop. Re...

R. Sukthanker, Pashmina Cameron · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Know When the Equation Is Wrong: Structural Uncertainty for LLM-Guided Symbolic Regression under Extrapolation

LLM-SR-UQ is introduced, a framework that retains competing equation structures and uses their disagreement to characterize uncertainty about the underlying functional form and substantially improves coverage attainment by incorporating structural disagreement while preserving in-distribution coverage.

Mostafa Cham, B. Tama, Jian-Wu Wang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Chronos-2: A foundation model for multivariate time series forecasting

Chronos-2 is introduced, a foundation model for zero-shot forecasting that models the interactions between multivariate time series and heterogeneous covariates, which commonly arise in scientific applications and shows that a single pretrained model can capture structure shared across temporal systems.

Abdul Fatir Ansari, Oleksandr Shchur, Jaris Küken et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Nov 2026

Observable-Specific Validity Tests for Scientific AI: Controlled Approximations and Intervention Response

An approximation can reproduce an energy while missing its response, or satisfy an error tolerance without being certified by a given bound. We formulate observable-specific validity records for scientific artificial intelligence (AI) that link a reduction to its reference model, error measure, tolerance, parameter dom...

Xiaoshn Nee, Haobo Zhong, Xiaomin Ni · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Backpropagation-free Deep Learning for Time-Series Classification

An analysis framework is proposed that relates the per-dataset gap to InceptionTime to dataset properties and tests convolutional feature learning by replacing the flatten readout with global average pooling, measured as a difference-in-differences (DD) against a backpropagation control on the identical architecture.

Miha Kapš, Blaž Bertalanič, Carolina Fortuna · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Nov 3, 2026

Learn the rules: The hacker mindset

Research Manager Mike Walker reflects on a career spanning hacker culture, cybersecurity, and AI, sharing lessons about trust, teamwork, leadership, and why solving difficult problems requires curiosity, judgment, agility—and an understanding of the rules. The post Learn the rules: The hacker mindset appeared first on Microsoft Research.

Google DeepMind Blog Nov 3, 2026

Agentic cheminformatics with Google Antigravity

Learn how Google Antigravity and our Cheminformatics Skills accelerate drug discovery workflows, search compounds, and propose novel rigidified macrocycles.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 28, 2026

Making machines that can listen

Professor Paris Smaragdis develops computers with superhuman hearing for applications like speech recognition, music understanding, and environmental monitoring.

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