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natural language processing

9,568 papers

Markovian Generation Chains in Large Language Models

This paper defines this iterative inference process as Markovian generation chains, where each step takes a specific prompt template and the previous output as input, without including any prior data.

Mingmeng Geng, Amr Mohamed, Guo-Kan Shang et al. · 3 citations

GFlowPO: Generative Flow Network as a Language Model Prompt Optimizer

This work proposes GFlowPO, a probabilistic prompt optimization framework that casts prompt search as a posterior inference problem over latent prompts regularized by a meta-prompted reference-LM prior and consistently outperforms recent discrete prompt optimization baselines.

Junmo Cho, Suhan Kim, Sangjune An et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

FLAWS: A Benchmark for Error Identification and Localization in Scientific Papers

The identification and localization of errors is a core task in peer review, yet the exponential growth of scientific output has made it increasingly difficult for human reviewers to reliably detect errors given the limited pool of experts. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have sparked interest in their...

Sarina Xi, Vishisht Rao, Justin Payan et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint May 2025

ShIOEnv: A Command Evaluation Environment for Grammar-Constrained Synthesis and Execution Behavior Modeling

This work introduces ShIOEnv, a Gymnasium-compatible Bash environment for synthesizing execution-annotated shell input traces and introduces grammar-constrained synthesis to generate syntactically valid arguments with high input irreducibility, which is estimated through self-ablative contrasts of execution artifacts.

Jarrod Ragsdale, R. Boppana · 1 citation
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Poisoning-Based Backdoors Are Not Cryptographic

Defending against a backdoor requires recovering the verifier that decides whether an input is a trigger, since blocking individual triggers fails against an attacker who can generate new ones. If a verifier could be installed with the asymmetry of cryptographic authentication, where only the attacker can produce trigg...

Masahiro Kaneko · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Measuring, Localizing, and Reducing the AI-Like Writing Style of Post-Trained LLMs

Post-trained language models often exhibit a recognizable AI-like writing style, yet its connection to post-training and internal representations remains poorly understood. In this work, we study whether post-training introduces or amplifies AI-like stylistic regularities and whether these regularities have a localized...

Aniket Anand, Janvijay Singh, Zhewei Sun et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint May 2026

When Should LLMs Reason? Adaptive Inference Routing via Entropy Dynamics

The proposed EDRM (Entropy Dynamics-based Reasoning Manifold), a lightweight routing framework whose default heuristic requires no router training, supports selective reasoning based on early decoding signals and demonstrates the potential of entropy-based control for efficient LLM inference.

Wei Xia, Haoqing Wang, Zhi-Hong Deng et al. · 2 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Graph Memory Transformer (GMT)

We investigate whether an explicit learned memory graph can replace the Feed-Forward Network (FFN) sublayer in a decoder-only transformer while preserving the surrounding autoregressive architecture. In the proposed graph Memory Transformer (GMT), a memory cell routes token representations over a learned bank of centro...

Nicola Zanarini, Niccol\`o Ferrari, Evelina Lamma · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Would an LLM Match into a Residency? Uncertainty, Reasoning and Image Use of Open Language Models on the Spanish MIR Examination

Accuracy on medical examinations is common evidence offered for the clinical use of language models, yet a health system that intends to run an open model on its own hardware needs to know considerably more: whether the model recognizes when it is likely to be wrong, whether medical fine-tuning improves this ability, w...

Miguel Fernandez-de-Retana, Unai Zulaika, Ruben Sanchez-Corcuera et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

How Depth Growth and Looping Shape In-Context Learning in Language Models

Looped and depth-grown language models reuse computations across depth and have attracted interest for their reasoning capabilities. Building on prior suggestive evidence of improved in-context-learning (ICL), we investigate how such reuse favors ICL, including how it shapes the acquisition, retention, and mechanisms o...

Ferdinand Kapl, Kaitlin Maile, Stefan Bauer et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

HERD: Harness-Evolving Recursive Distillation for Continual Learning

Continual learning requires a model to keep acquiring new skills and knowledge without compromising its existing capabilities. Parametric methods suffer from catastrophic forgetting and loss of plasticity. Non-parametric methods, such as prompts, skills, and harnesses, leverage in-context learning but are limited by co...

Xu-Rui Sun, Thanh Thi Nguyen, Thuy-Trang Vu · 1 citation

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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