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natural language processing

9,568 papers

#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Learning at the Right Pace: Adaptive Data Scheduling Improves LLM Reinforcement Learning

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve remarkable reasoning capabilities through reinforcement learning (RL) post-training. However, existing RL post-training commonly relies on uniform data sampling, which ignores the semantic structure of the training data and the evolving capability of the training policy. To address...

Zicheng Xu, Ruixuan Zhang, Yu-Neng Chuang et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

LLMs Infer Cultural Context but Fail to Apply It When Responding

Recent work has shown that LLMs overrepresent dominant cultures, particularly Western ones, while marginalizing others. We investigate whether this affects models' ability to generate culturally adapted responses by evaluating their use of local measurement units based on the user's perceived cultural background. We in...

Yisong Miao, Jian Zhu, Vered Shwartz · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Reasoning without Gold Standards: A Proxy-Judge Theory of Autoformalization

Autoformalization (AF) requires both prover acceptance and fidelity to an informal source, but prover acceptance alone cannot establish fidelity, and expert-validated reference formalizations are costly to obtain. We introduce a reference-free proxy-judge framework, which separates correctness into grounding, statement...

Lei Xu, Xin Quan, Andr\'e Freitas · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Is Text All You Need? Text as a Universal Information Bottleneck for Speech LLMs

Large language models (LLMs) provide a powerful reasoning backbone for speech understanding, but integrating continuous acoustic signals into a pretrained LLM remains challenging. A central design question is how to tie speech representations to the LLM's text input space while preserving the continuous variation neede...

Ming-Hao Hsu, Yuxuan Hu, Shujie Liu et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Can Crowdsourcing Survive the LLM Era? A Community Survey on Human Data Collection

The widespread use of Large Language Models (LLMs) as writing tools challenges the validity of crowdsourced data, as crowdworkers may outsource tasks to models. To better understand how this is addressed, we surveyed 155 researchers in NLP and related disciplines about their experiences and opinions on collecting free-...

Aswathy Velutharambath, Neele Falk, Sofie Labat et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

SimCT: Recovering Lost Supervision for Cross-Tokenizer On-Policy Distillation

On-policy distillation (OPD) is a standard tool for transferring teacher behavior to a smaller student, but it implicitly assumes that teacher and student predictions are comparable token by token, an assumption that fails whenever the two models tokenize the same text differently. Under heterogeneous tokenizers, exact...

Jie Sun, Mao Zheng, Mingyang Song et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Towards Emotion Consistency Analysis of Large Language Models in Emotional Conversational Contexts

In this work, we conduct an analysis to examine the consistency of Large Language Models (LLMs) with respect to their own generated responses in an emotionally-driven conversational context. Specifically, the text generated by LLM is framed as a query to the same model, and its responses are subsequently assessed. This...

Sneha Oram, Ojaswita Bhushan, Tejomay Kishor Padole et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

What Makes Good Instruction-Tuning Data? An In-Context Learning Perspective

Instruction-tuning datasets often contain substantial redundancy and low-quality samples, necessitating effective data selection methods. We propose an instruction data selection framework based on weighted in-context influence (wICI), which measures how effectively each candidate example reduces instruction-following...

Guangzeng Han, Xiaolei Huang · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

MIXAR: Scaling Autoregressive Pixel-based Language Models to Multiple Languages and Scripts

Pixel-based language models are gaining momentum as alternatives to traditional token-based approaches, promising to circumvent tokenization challenges; however, existing models remain English-centric and are hard to train as generators. This paper introduces MIXAR, the first generative multilingual pixel-based languag...

Chen Hu, Yintao Tai, Antonio Vergari et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

The Necessity of Setting Temperature in LLM-as-a-Judge

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as automated judges, yet decoding temperature is often set by intuition rather than evidence. We run over one million large scale evaluations, multiple open-source models, prompting strategies, and judging paradigms to examine how temperature affects judge reliability....

Lujun Li, Lama Sleem, Yangjie Xu et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Explanation Generation for Contradiction Reconciliation with LLMs

Existing NLP work commonly treats contradictions as errors to be resolved by choosing which statements to accept or discard. Yet a key aspect of human reasoning in social and professional settings is the ability to hypothesize explanations that reconcile contradictions. For example, "Cassie hates coffee" and "She buys...

Jason Chan, Zhixue Zhao, Robert Gaizauskas · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Writer-R1: Dynamic Rubric Mining for Reinforcement Learning of Open-Ended Writing

Training models for open-ended writing requires diverse prompts and sufficiently precise specifications of response quality. Constructing such specifications at scale entails recovering task requirements, consolidating overlapping criteria, and defining observable differences between performance levels. We introduce Wr...

Jihao Zhao, Shuaishuai Zu, Zhiyuan Ji et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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