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natural language processing

9,568 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Beyond Downstream QA: Rethinking How We Evaluate Agent Memory

Agent memory benchmarks evaluate whether an agent's responses reflect correct knowledge, measuring downstream question-answering accuracy as a proxy for memory quality. We show this evaluation paradigm is incomplete: it conflates memory correctness with retrieval and generation quality, producing both false positives w...

Sebastian-Antonio Toma, Jean de Kernier, Mike Ply et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Change the Number, Change the Answer: Assessing Rating Scale Sensitivity in LLM-Based Text Scoring

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in computational social science to assign scalar scores to social and psychological constructs. However, studies use different rating scales, and whether their scores remain comparable across scale designs is understudied. To address this gap, we define and systematica...

Wonjeong Jo, Gyuwan Kim, Ming Shan Hee · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Mosaic: Multi-Session Agentic Reinforcement Learning

Most existing agentic reinforcement learning methods assume single-session trajectories, where interaction proceeds within one continuously accumulated context. However, agentic techniques such as context compaction and subagent forking may produce trajectories spanning multiple sessions, creating a mismatch between th...

Yilong Xu, Minrui Xu, Xinyu Zhou et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

EMO: A Closed-Loop Test-Time Computation Framework via Alternating Context Optimization and Logits Steering

Test-time context optimization adapts frozen language models through textual feedback, but ordinary conditional generation provides no separate control over how strongly to reinforce the distributional changes induced by a context update. We introduce EMO, a training-free framework inspired by expectation--maximization...

Wei Xia, Ye-Hui Tang, Zhi-Hong Deng · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Explaining the Roles of Experts in Mixture-of-Experts LLMs for Personalization

Personalization of Large Language Models (LLMs) is increasingly important for user-centric applications, yet prior methods mainly adapt dense LLMs, whose polysemantic neurons, each encoding multiple unrelated concepts, hinder localizing the components behind personalization, and thus understanding and controlling it. W...

Sekh Mainul Islam, Pepa Atanasova, Isabelle Augenstein · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Multi-SFT: Permissively-Licensed Multilingual Instruction-Following

Supervised fine-tuning datasets remain overwhelmingly English-centric and commercially restricted, as their content is frequently generated by proprietary models whose terms of service forbid training competing systems. We introduce Multi-SFT, a commercially permissive collection of 502,818 instruction-response pairs a...

Daniela Baiamonte, Kamyar Zeinalipour, Elena Fano et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Momentum, Commentary Tone, and Earnings Surprise in LLM Financial Forecasts

Which inputs drive a language model's financial forecast? We construct synthetic earnings announcements that independently reverse 20-day momentum, non-informational commentary tone, and whether fixed actual EPS beats a manipulated consensus. Six instruction/chat checkpoint conversions from four families (0.49-7.61B ba...

A. Khaybullina · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Selection Is Not Learning: Choosing Model Futures

Self-evolving language models train on tasks they generate, so every round must decide which updated model the next round inherits. Current loops such as R-Zero, Agent0, and Skill Self-Play make this decision through the task, admitting tasks that look learnable and inheriting every resulting update. We identify a sele...

Hao-Yi Yang, Kshitij Mishra, Nils Lukas et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

In the Guise of Correction: How Framing and Cultural Adaptation Erode LLM Safety on Real-World Criminal Cases

Existing safety benchmarks rely largely on synthetic prompts with loosely grounded taxonomies and offer little focused analysis of severe crime categories. We introduce GUISE, a benchmark of criminal-assistance scenarios sourced from real-world cases and organised under a taxonomy from the UNODC International Classific...

Mohsinul Kabir, Md. Tariquzzaman, Karam S. R. Elradie et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Reliable Knowledge Acquisition for Continual Learning Agents

As agents powered by foundation models move into open-ended environments, continual learning from experience becomes essential. For agents built on models with fixed parameters, this learning requires reusing prior task experience in context to improve performance and efficiency on future tasks. Existing memory and exp...

Yi-Xu Huang, Jia-Qi W. Ma · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Retrieved but Not Read: Understanding Why Search-Augmented LLMs Fail to Use Available Evidence

Web search allows LLMs to access up-to-date information, but it remains unclear why they sometimes produce outdated answers even when relevant evidence is available. To study this problem, we construct temporal facts whose values changed after the models' training cutoffs. We evaluate one proprietary model under deploy...

Owen Walters, Lihu Chen, Francesca Toni · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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