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natural language processing

9,568 papers

#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Cross-Lingual Steering for Figurative Language Generation

Cross-lingual activation steering has been studied mainly for language-agnostic properties such as factual knowledge and reasoning. Its transferability remains unclear for figurative language, whose expressions are often tied to a particular language. In this work, we study cross-lingual steering of figurative language...

Linfeng Liu, Tiffany Zhan, Louie Hong Yao et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Self-Improving Language Models with Bidirectional Evolutionary Search

Search has been proposed as an effective method for self-improving language models and agentic systems, both for post-training sample generation and for inference. However, widely used methods such as best-of-N sampling and tree search face two fundamental limitations: they are guided by sparse verification signals, an...

Guowei Xu, Zhenting Qi, Huangyuan Su et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Escape the Language Prior: Mitigating Late-Stage Modality Collapse in Audio Reasoning via Modality-Aware Policy Optimization

Audio and omni-modal large language models exhibit impressive cross-modal reasoning capabilities. However, standard reinforcement learning methods such as GRPO do not explicitly weight individual tokens by their dependence on the non-text source modality. This exacerbates \textit{late-stage modality collapse} during ex...

Cihan Xiao, Yiwen Shao, Chenxing Li et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Selective Latent Thinking: Adaptive Compression of LLM Reasoning Chains

Explicit chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning substantially improves the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs), but incurs high inference cost due to lengthy autoregressive traces. Existing latent reasoning methods offer a promis- ing alternative, yet they often treat reasoning as uniformly compressible, causin...

Hui Xie, Jie Liu, Ziyue Qiao et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Self-Policy Distillation via Capability-Selective Subspace Projection

Self-distillation bootstraps large language models (LLMs) by training on their own generations. However, existing methods either rely on external signals to curate self-generated outputs (e.g., correctness filtering, execution feedback, and reward search), which are costly and unavailable for the best-performing fronti...

Guangya Hao, Hanxue Liang, Yitong Shang et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

PQR: A Framework to Generate Diverse and Realistic User Queries that Elicit QA Agent Failures

Evaluating LLM-based agents remains challenging because identifying meaningful failure cases often requires substantial human effort to design realistic test scenarios. Prior works primarily focus on automatically discovering agent failures induced by adversarial users, while overlooking queries with real user intents...

Yunan Lu, Luigi Liu, Omar Yahia et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Soohak: A Mathematician-Curated Benchmark for Evaluating Research-level Math Capabilities of LLMs

Following the recent achievement of gold-medal performance on the IMO by frontier LLMs, the community is searching for the next meaningful and challenging target for measuring LLM reasoning. Whereas olympiad-style problems measure step-by-step reasoning alone, research-level problems use such reasoning to advance the f...

Guijin Son, Seungone Kim, Catherine Arnett et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Source or It Didn't Happen: A Multi-Agent Framework for Citation Hallucination Detection

Large language models are increasingly used in scientific writing, yet they can fabricate citation-shaped references that appear plausible but fail bibliographic verification. Existing detectors often reduce verification to binary found/not-found decisions and rely on brittle parsing or incomplete retrieval, offering l...

Mingzhe Li, Zhiqiang Lin, Shiqing Ma · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

The Shared Latent Structure of LLM Psychometric Responses

Human psychometric questionnaires are increasingly used to characterize large language models (LLMs), but it remains unclear what exactly their responses reflect. To answer this question we analyze responses from 50 LLMs across 45 questionnaires spanning multiple psychological domains using psychometric methodology. We...

Hubert Plisiecki, Sabina Siudaj, Kacper Dudzic et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

The Dynamics of Delusion: Modeling Bidirectional False Belief Amplification in Human-Chatbot Dialogue

There is growing concern that AI chatbots might fuel delusional beliefs in users. Some have suggested that humans and chatbots mutually reinforce false beliefs over time, but quantitative evidence is lacking. Using a unique dataset of chat logs from individuals who exhibited delusional thinking, we developed a latent s...

Ashish Mehta, Jared Moore, Jacy Reese Anthis et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

From graphemic dependence to lexical structure: a Markovian perspective on Dante's Commedia

This study investigates the structural organisation of Dante's Divina Commedia through a symbolic representation based on vowel-consonant (V/C) encoding. Modelling the resulting sequence through Markov chains provides parsimonious measures of local graphemic dependence, capturing persistence and alternation patterns. A...

Angelo Maria Sabatini · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Local-First Intelligence via Proactive SLM Collaborating with Feedback-Providing LLM

Personal intelligence requires strong capabilities under strict privacy and efficiency constraints. Unlike cloud-first intelligence, which relies on powerful but costly and privacy-vulnerable large language models (LLMs), we focus on local-first intelligence, emphasizing on-device small language models (SLMs), which en...

Hang Zeng, Xiangyu Liu, Yong Hu et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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