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natural language processing

9,568 papers

#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Looking Complete Is Not Being Grounded: Evaluating LLM Sitreps Against Human-Authored Situation Reports

Evaluation for automatic crisis reporting should measure what practitioners need, not what is convenient to compare. Through LLM-assisted, author-approved content analysis, we derive a 15-slot information schema from professional humanitarian situation reports using qualitative content analysis, then evaluate 121 human...

Sachin Kumar · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Code-Switching Detection via Language-Selective Dimensions in Speech Foundation Models

Code-switching (CS), the alternation between languages within an utterance, is common in multilingual speech but underrepresented in pretraining corpora. Increasing CS coverage requires finding relevant utterances in large speech collections so that they can be included in training data. One way to find such utterances...

Jie Chi, Zakaria Aldeneh, Masha Fedzechkina et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Breakdown of Conversational Involvement: A Joint Multi-Modal Analysis of Conversation Floors and F-formation Detection with Multiple Features

Interactions happen universally and spontaneously in daily lives. Studying involvement in interactions helps us analyze who can influence who and has a wide potential in applications. Specifically, we consider conversational involvement in free-standing conversations. We study two operationalizations of an FCG: F-forma...

Zonghuan Li, Chirag Raman, Hayley Hung · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Legal-R1: Agentic Retrieval for Evidence-Based Legal Reasoning

Legal question answering requires answers that are not only plausible, but also grounded in legally valid and citable evidence. Standard retrieval-augmented generation often relies on one-shot semantic matching, which is insufficient when legal evidence must be selected according to authority, applicability, and divers...

Huai-Wen Pang, Jiale Han, Junying Chen et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

From Hindsight to Foresight: Dissecting Clinical Evidence Acquisition in Large Language Models

Large language models (LLMs) often diagnose full sight, static clinical cases well yet struggle in foresight, dynamic diagnosis. Prior work has improved this limitation by quantifying the information models acquire and by developing stronger follow-up strategies to improve diagnostic accuracy. In contrast, we introduce...

Ziyang Ling · 0 citations

Decomposing and Predicting Annotation Disagreement in Harmful Content Across Languages

Annotator disagreement is increasingly recognized as a meaningful property of subjective tasks, rather than merely noise to be removed. Predicting which items are likely to be contested could help allocate annotation effort and route difficult cases to human review. We propose predicting disagreement from interpretable...

Irem Ecem Yelkanat, Faeze Ghorbanpour, Alexander Fraser · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

CREATE: Creativity Evaluation of VLMs using the Visual Remote Associates Test

Vision language models (VLMs) are used in creative tasks such as visual storytelling, design ideation, art interpretation, and advertising. Yet we lack principled ways to measure the lateral reasoning of these models compared to human potential. We introduce CREATE, a semi-automatically constructed benchmark containing...

Ziqing Yang, Anubhav Jangra, Smaranda Muresan · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Empathy Is Not the Scapegoat for Declines in Factuality and Reliability

Language models are increasingly expected to support users in stressful or uncertain situations, where warmth and empathy are desirable. While recent work associates warmer models with reduced reliability, we show that this conclusion is incomplete. Prior studies often train primarily on empathetic dialogue, making it...

Le-Tian Shi, Kanwal Mehreen, De-Heng Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

How Reliable Are System-One Decisions in Medicine? A Comparative Study of Jev, Jev-like Models, and LLMs

Jev has attracted considerable attention for its rapid, generalizable decision-making, yet its medical reliability remains underexplored. To address this gap, our study compares various types of system-one decision models across 15 medical datasets comprising 8,742 instances under a unified protocol. Beyond accuracy, w...

Yan-Rui Du, Dan-Yang Zhao, Sen-Dong Zhao et al. · 1 citation
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Retrieval Disagreement as a Signal: Diagnosing and Steering Multilingual Dense Embedders

Multilingual dense retrievers place all languages in one shared space so that a question finds relevant documents, regardless of which language they are written in. We show that the same question, asked in different languages, retrieves substantially different documents, and this disagreement is not because of weak lan...

Faeze Ghorbanpour, Shaghayegh Kolli, Jana Diesner et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Imprinting: Knowledge Distillation Can Shift Student Behavior

Knowledge distillation trains student models on teacher-generated responses to transfer task capability, but those responses may also carry behavioral tendencies of their source. We investigate whether the source teacher can shape student behavior beyond the capability that distillation is intended to transfer. We cons...

Yu-Chien Tang, An-Zi Yen · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

The Last Mile of Coding Agents for Long-Document Tasks: An Empirical Study on Clinical Trial Protocol Digitization

TrialScribe is developed, a domain-specific harness that equips coding agents with task skills and a verification loop that improves a locally served open-weight model by 6.2-59.4 points across eight metrics, enabling it to match or surpass proprietary models such as GPT-5.6-Sol.

Jia-Cheng Lin, Geoffrey Low, Nishit Agarwal et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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