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natural language processing

9,568 papers

#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Unified Context Evolution for LLM Agents

LLM-based agents can solve multi-step interactive tasks by combining reasoning with environment feedback, yet each episode starts from the same fixed context and any useful strategy discovered along the way is lost once the task ends. Existing approaches either limit learning to the current task or pool all experience...

Zixuan Zhu, Yitong Hu, Yong Dai et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Prompt PerturbAItions: Mechanisms of LLM Response Inconsistencies

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in conversational settings where user phrasing ranges from polite to casual to toxic, yet less is known about whether such lexical variation in otherwise semantically equivalent prompts can degrade factual reliability. We study how lexical and tone-based prompt per...

Soorya Ram Shimgekar, Agam Goyal, Amruta Parulekar et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Learning Faithful Reasoning Processes with Spatio-Temporal Latent Dynamics for Large Language Models

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has significantly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, existing reinforcement learning methods primarily optimize outcome-level rewards, providing limited supervision over the reasoning process. As a result, models may produce shortcut-prone or u...

Weijiang Lv, Wentong Zhao, Jiayu Wang et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

HyLaT: Efficient Multi-Agent Communication via Hybrid Latent-Text Protocol

Communication protocol design is a central challenge in large language model-based multi-agent systems. Existing single-channel approaches face an inherent communication trilemma: text-based methods are interpretable but verbose, while latent-space methods are efficient but opaque and limited to unidirectional workflow...

Xinyi Mou, Siyuan Wang, Zejun Li et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

QUEST: Training Frontier Deep Research Agents with Fully Synthetic Tasks

Deep research agents extend the role of search engines from retrieving keyword-matched pages to synthesizing knowledge, fundamentally changing how humans interact with information. However, frontier systems remain proprietary, while existing open agents often generalize poorly across different task types, leaving uncle...

Jian Xie, Tianhe Lin, Zilu Wang et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Naturalistic measure of social norms alignment

Social norms reflect shared expectations on acceptable behavior. Measuring social norms alignment remains challenging, with existing approaches typically relying on artificial closed-form evaluations such as multiple-choice questionnaires or measuring agreement with predefined statements. In the context of this work, s...

Yevhen Kostiuk, Kenneth Enevoldsen, Peter Bjerregaard Vahlstrup et al. · 0 citations

VerifyMAS: Hypothesis Verification for Failure Attribution in LLM Multi-Agent Systems

VerifyMAS is proposed, a hypothesis verification framework for agent failure attribution that decomposes attribution into trajectory-level error validation and fine-grained agent localization, providing an error-first attribution approach that captures global failure patterns while substantially reducing the search spa...

He-Zhe Qiao, Hang-Hang Tong, Ee-Peng Lim et al. · 8 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

ReVision: Scaling Computer-Use Agents via Temporal Visual Redundancy Reduction

Computer-use agents (CUAs) rely on visual observations of graphical user interfaces, where each screenshot is encoded into a large number of visual tokens. As interaction trajectories grow, the token cost increases rapidly, limiting the amount of history that can be incorporated under fixed context and compute budgets....

Amirhossein Abaskohi, Yuhang He, Peter West et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

LatentRAG: Latent Reasoning and Retrieval for Efficient Agentic RAG

Single-step retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) provides an efficient way to incorporate external information for simple question answering tasks but struggles with complex questions. Agentic RAG extends this paradigm by replacing single-step retrieval with a multi-step process, in which the large language model (LLM)...

Yijia Zheng, Marcel Worring · 0 citations
#computer vision Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Prompt-Induced Score Variance in Zero-Shot Binary Vision-Language Safety Classification

Safety pipelines often block content by thresholding a model's first-token unsafe score. We show that a single prompt's score is not a reliable probability and compare two repairs: mean ensemble and calibration with development labels. Across seven vision-language models and two benchmarks, an input's unsafe probabilit...

Charles Weng, Dingwen Li, Alexander Martin · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Repetition over Diversity: High-Signal Data Filtering for Sample-Efficient German Language Modeling

Recent research has shown that filtering massive English web corpora into high-quality subsets significantly improves training efficiency. However, for high-resource non-English languages like German, French, or Japanese, aggressive filtering creates a strategic dilemma: should practitioners prioritize diversity by tra...

Ansar Aynetdinov, Patrick Haller, Alan Akbik · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Why Are Some Emotions Harder for LLMs? Uncovering the Causal Mechanisms of Emotion Inference via Sparse Autoencoders

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in emotionally sensitive human-AI applications, where reliable emotion detection is essential. However, their emotion recognition abilities remain uneven: models often perform well on some emotions while consistently struggling with others. Although recent work has exp...

Bangzhao Shu, Arinjay Singh, Mai ElSherief · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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