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natural language processing

9,568 papers

#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Atomic Security Concerns: Towards a Foundational Language for Security Knowledge Representation

Cybersecurity governance, risk management, compliance, and security architecture rely on numerous concepts, including security properties, domains, controls, risks, implementation measures, capabilities, and compliance requirements. Although these concepts are widely used, they are often represented through heterogeneo...

Hanane Houmani · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Can JEV Support Clinical Trial Criteria Assessment?

Clinical trial prescreening requires distinguishing unmet conditions from insufficient evidence in patient records. Given patient records, criterion questions, and predefined answer options, we retrospectively compared JEV, a non-generative decision model returning native option probabilities, with schema-constrained Q...

Mengxian He, Ziyue Gao, Chun Li et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Quantitative Generalization Bounds for Multi-Layer Transformers: A Few Long Strings can Beat Many Short Ones

Transformer-based language models exhibit an astonishing capacity to generalize to longer and more difficult problem instances than those seen in training. However, theoretical understanding of this phenomenon still lags behind. Unlike most machine learning models, the generalisation abilities of transformers inherentl...

Marius Henry, Michael Rizvi-Martel, Michael Hahn · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

MiRL: Error-Targeted Reinforcement Learning for Correcting Terminal Agent Misbehaviors

Error-targeted learning gives a legible way to improve a model: identify specific weaknesses of the model, train the model to fix these weaknesses, and check whether the weaknesses are fixed. We study how to apply error-targeted learning to terminal agents, which solve long-horizon tasks specified in natural language b...

Runchu Tian, Zaid Khan, Zun Wang et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Integrate the Reward, Don't Sample It: Window Likelihood for Interruptions and Backchannels in Full-Duplex Speech Models

A full-duplex spoken dialogue model must yield when the user cuts in and hold when the user merely backchannels. Sequence-level RL with a timing reward (GRPO) is the usual recipe; we test its whole-rollout form on four open models and find two failures. A binary window reward gives zero advantage on exactly the windows...

Guoqiang Hu, Lichao Zhang, Yizhou Peng et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

S3AC: Stabilized, Selective, and Scalable Actor-Critic for LLM Reasoning

Critic-free methods are widely used in reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) for long chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, avoiding difficult and costly critic training. Common alternatives lack token-level credit assignment and typically rely on grouped rollouts to estimate prompt-specific baselines. A cr...

Shuo Shen, Guangran Cheng, Chengqi Lyu et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

GPDPO: Learning from Reward Conflicts via Group Pareto-Dominance Policy Optimization

Multi-reward reinforcement learning offers a promising framework for aligning large language models (LLMs) with diverse objectives, but conflicting reward signals can induce ambiguous update directions and hinder stable optimization. Existing approaches address such conflicts through reward reweighting, gradient coordi...

Zi-Xuan Xu, Hao-Xuan Chen, Jiang-Xin Sun et al. · 1 citation
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Skill$^{\infty}$: Recursive Self-Improvement for Agent Skill Optimization

Recursive self-improvement (RSI), in which a system also improves the way it improves, is a long-standing aspiration on the path to AGI. Language agents increasingly store procedural knowledge in reusable skills. Optimizing skills offers a direct way to achieve RSI, because the optimization procedure itself can be enco...

Wangcheng Tao, Zhanglu Yan, Han Wu et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

CRIM: Composable and Reusable Item Memory for Efficient Personalized Retrieval

Large language models incur substantial training and inference costs in personalized search and recommendation, as growing interaction histories lengthen request inputs and repeatedly expose the same item text to the model. We propose \textbf{C}omposable and \textbf{R}eusable \textbf{I}tem \textbf{M}emory (CRIM), a fra...

Haolin Li, Haipeng Zhang, Mang Li et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

The Voice on the Line

A transcriber listening through one microphone also hears everyone near it. We train causal voice isolators: masking transformers of 140M, 243M and 374M parameters, 20 ms of latency, enrolling the caller from the call itself. Short evaluation windows hide two failures that real calls expose: forgetting the caller when...

Husein Zolkepli · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Beyond Vision-Language Models: Visual-Semantic Affect Graphs for Emotion Recognition in Artworks

Emotion recognition in artworks remains challenging because affective meaning is often subjective, implicit, and shaped by relationships between visual form and semantic associations. While vision-language models provide strong multimodal representations, direct image-to-emotion prediction may overlook explicit relatio...

Ngoc-Duy Mai, Ha-Thanh Nguyen, Hideaki Takeda · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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