small language model

Performance of Five Mainstream Large Language Models on Common Small Cell Lung Cancer Questions: Readability, Patient- Education Suitability, and Information Quality

A Wormhole Error-Kernel with Tension, Blind-Spot and Seek Functions: A Conceptual Proposal and Exploratory Toy Simulation of the Black Hole Page Curve

This record documents the authors' original hypothesis and first exploratory run exactly as performed, together with the raw output data and the simulation source code. It does not claim a resolution of the black hole information paradox. Taking two ideas from the authors' WERR decision engine, the treatment of error a...

On the smallness of the large language model scaling exponents

We discuss reasons why the scaling exponents of current large language model (LLM) applications are pointing towards a hardly sustainable regime in terms of energy resources. We further show that attributing the smallness of such exponents to a numerical bias due to the neglect of a non-zero value of the loss function...

AI Implementation Role Map

### How does an AI implementation role map work? An AI implementation role map assigns each build stage to people who can make decisions and operate the resulting workflow. Paloren provides AI strategy, implementation, automation and training, and Aaron Agius co-founded Paloren with Alex Agius before founding Louder. A...

Rethinking Scale in Language Modelling: Evaluating Small and Large Models in Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Sabline: effects in signatures, budgets at run time, and a baseline for a repository's capability surface

Code written by language models is increasingly run by people who have not read it. Sabline is a small programming language for that situation. A function's signature declares which of seven effects it may perform, and the compiler checks the declaration across the whole call graph. A runtime refuses any operation outs...

Documenting language transmission in a critically endangered language: the case of Livonian

Language transmission in endangered language communities rarely follows the pathways described by classical models of intergenerational transfer. Where mainstream sociolinguistics has long centred the family as the natural and primary domain of language continuity, critically endangered languages frequently exist in co...

AdaGraph-HATE for real-time gendered hate speech detection in multilingual social media

Social networking sites process millions of messages daily, yet detecting implicit misogyny remains challenging due to sarcasm, cultural variation, and language-dependent expressions. Existing approaches demonstrate promising results but suffer from limited language adaptation and impracticality for real-time deploymen...

Community assembly on inland cliffs is context‐dependent

Under harsh environmental conditions, community assembly processes are expected to drive pronounced functional convergence, with communities dominated by stress‐tolerant species. Integrating local communities with their regional species pools enables evaluating environmental filtering and disentangling habitat‐...

ENLIST: preregistered replication package for small-language-model deployment decisions

Replication package for "Selection information is not free: a preregistered study of small-language-modeldeployment decisions" (submitted to Information and Software Technology). The study asks whether charging deployment-selection policies for the information they buy changes which policylooks best. In ten environment...

LLM-Based Re-Ranking for Real Estate Search

QuintoAndar Group operates the leading housing marketplace in Latin America for both rentals and sales. The platform replaces traditionally paper-heavy workflows with a fully digital experience, making housing transactions faster and more accessible to tenants, buyers, and landlords in the region. Finding the ideal hom...

Qualia Algebra: A Mathematical Framework for Consciousness, from First Principles to Working Semantics

The measurement problem and the hard problem of consciousness share a structure: each derives the observer last and cannot account for what it finds there. Qualia Algebra (QA) inverts the order. From the one fact that survives total skepticism — I exist — it develops a grammar of manifestation (distinction, binding, at...