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small language model

3,317 papers

#small language model Open access Oct 2026

A Rewrite That Keeps the Label Has Already Read It: Why an LLM Paraphrase Can Raise a Sentiment Classifier's Accuracy Without the Classifier Getting Better, Four Accounts of the Gain, and the Re-Annotation and Neutral-Rate Controls That Would Separate Them

(c) 2026 Pranay Mahendrakar. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. A 2026 study reports that sentiment classifiers score higher on reviews rewritten by small language models than on the human originals, by up to 5.8 accuracy points, and reads the gain as stylistic alignment: the rewrite strips idiosyncrasy and hands the classifier...

Pranay M. Mahendrakar · 0 citations
#graph neural networks Open access Oct 2026

NoiTox: A Machine Learning Strategy for Peptide Toxicity Prediction Reveals Label Noise in Benchmark Datasets

Motivation Peptide toxicity remains a major bottleneck in drug development, as small sequence variations can drastically alter cytotoxic profiles. Experimental assessment is costly and time-consuming, motivating computational predictors. Existing approaches often rely on single black-box architectures, limiting interpr...

Gustavo O. Almeida, Matheus C. Albuquerque, Bruno M. Silva et al. · 0 citations
#generative ai Open access Oct 2026

Leveraging Large Language Model Token Probabilities for Literature Review Abstract Filtering

Grasping the latest knowledge in any field has become increasingly challenging given the rapid pace of modern publishing. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly embedding models and large language models (LLMs), provide promising tools to aid researchers in the filtration and identification of th...

Philip Mitchell, Baptiste Andrieu, Mehrnoosh Heydari et al. · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Oct 2026

From ethics to metrics: the transformation of corporate social responsibility from good intentions to governance in SME sustainability research

This study examines the development of research on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), corporate sustainability, and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) within the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It analyzes 3,168 English-language research articles published from 1959 to 2025, sourced f...

Kanat Suleimen, Gulzhanat Tayauova, Yelda Inanc et al. · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Oct 2026

Application of LLM combined with knowledge base in improving C-TIRADS grading of thyroid nodules

Objective This study used the unified text-based grading results of senior sonographers as the primary reference (this text benchmark is not pathological diagnostic gold standard) to evaluate the concordance of text-derived C-TIRADS grades assigned by six large language models (LLMs), with and without FastGPT Retrieval...

Qian Qu, Hanwen Bi, Xiaofei Yu et al. · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Oct 2026

The Economics of Orchestration: Can Culturally-Composed Teams of Small Language Models Outperform Frontier Models at Equal Cost? A Cost-Matched Experiment on Business Solution Generation — Reproducibility Package

Reproducibility package for the paper 'The Economics of Orchestration'. Organizations deploying large language models face a budget choice: pay for a frontier model, or orchestrate cheaper models into a multi-step pipeline. Across three pre-registered studies (a 2x2x2 factorial over five LLM families and 19 business pr...

Youssef Hariri · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Oct 2026

TrajOnco: a multi-agent framework for temporal reasoning over longitudinal EHR for multi-cancer early detection

Abstract Accurate estimation of cancer risk from longitudinal electronic health records (EHRs) could support earlier detection and improved care, but modeling such complex patient trajectories remains challenging. We present TrajOnco, a training-free, multi-agent large language model (LLM) framework designed for scalab...

Sihang Zeng, Young Won Kim, Wilson Lau et al. · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Oct 2026

Advice from Half the Picture: How Language Models Steer Complex Human Decisions from Partial Information, and a Dimension-Disclosure Protocol

People increasingly ask large language models (LLMs) for advice on relationship, family and management decisions, usually in a single sentence, while the dimensions that decide such questions (context, history, the people affected, religion and values, consequences) are known only to the user. We ask how far a model st...

Ahmed Abdelalim · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Oct 2026

On Knowledge Compilation Languages for QBFs

In this work, we design knowledge compilation languages for quantified Boolean formulas (QBFs), with a particular focus on model counting. We introduce various languages in increasing order of their power of representation, starting from a simple tree-based structure, and extending it to DAGs for a more efficient repre...

Sravanthi Chede, Vaibhav Krishan, Anil Shukla · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

CLEAN Database: providing enzyme function coverage for over 55 million sequences.

Enzyme function annotation is critical for decoding biological systems and enabling rational enzyme design. However, experimentally characterized enzyme functions remain available for only a small fraction of known protein sequences, resulting in a widening gap between rapidly expanding sequence space and reliable func...

Le Yuan, Jianan Canal Li, Miao-Yuan Wen et al. · 0 citations
#computer vision Preprint Oct 2026

ZoomCap: Evidence-Routed Visual Zooming for Recoverable Visual Information Transfer

Detailed captions transfer visual information into vision-language model supervision, but quality is easily conflated with length: long single-pass outputs still miss small objects, text, and spatial relations or promote uncertain observations into confident claims. We formulate fine-grained captioning as recoverable v...

Hao Shi, Jia-Feng Wang, Yu-Zhuo Fu et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 23, 2026

Q&A: How AI came to model the “messy” human mind

Assistant Professor Benjamin Lindquist studies how engineers deliberately injected randomness into early AI, giving rise to deep-learning models that sometimes hallucinate.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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