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small language model

3,573 papers

#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Reversing an Iron Rod's Magnetization Spins It at a Rate Independent of Length, Halved When g Is 2 Instead of 1 ── the angular speed is 8 Mₛ mₑ/(g e ρ r²), inversely proportional to the square of the radius, and on a fibre of period 10 seconds one reversal swings the rod 0.900766 degrees for g equal to 1 and 0.450383 degrees for 2 ── the separator is whether the angular momentum is carried by orbital motion or by spin ── [Paper 1012]

Anything with a magnetic moment also carries angular momentum, so reversing a magnetization sets the body spinning with the difference (Einstein and de Haas 1915). This paper counts, for an iron cylinder, the angular speed gained in a reversal, the swing on a torsion fibre, and how small the rotational energy is. No ne...

Yuuki Yamagishi · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Reading User Distress From the Inside: Do a Language Model's Hidden States Track a Person's Distress Better Than the Model's Own Reply Does?

When a person tells an AI assistant about something painful, two things happeninside the model that we can measure separately. First, the model builds aninternal reading of how distressed the person is; this reading can be recovered fromits hidden states with a simple trained readout. Second, the model produces a reply...

Anant Pareek · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Counting a Ball by Lattice Points, the Error Comes from the Skin in Low Dimensions and from One Shell in High Ones ── lining up the Gauss circle problem by dimension, the unsolved dimensions 2 and 3 are those where the accumulated fluctuation of the skin is not beaten by the jump of a single shell ── the separator is whether the error is an accumulation of jumps or a single jump ── [Paper 1015]

Counting the lattice points in a ball of radius r departs from the volume V times r to the power d (the content). Asking how large this departure is in two dimensions is the Gauss circle problem, and it is still unsolved in two and three dimensions. This paper measures the departure in the same way for dimensions d = 2...

Yuuki Yamagishi · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Whether a Sum of Powers Has Many Solutions Depends on Whether Its Exponents Make a Spherical, Flat or Hyperbolic Triangle ── when the triangle with angles π/a, π/b, π/c has angle sum above π it lies on a sphere and the primitive solutions form families, below π it is hyperbolic and they are finite, and Fermat's n = 2, 3, 4 fall one into each ── the separator is whether the sum of the reciprocal exponents exceeds 1 ── [Paper 1016]

The integer solutions of x to the power a plus y to the power b equal to z to the power c (the generalized Fermat equation) change greatly with the exponents. The Beal conjecture and the Fermat-Catalan conjecture are open questions about parts of this. This paper forms from the exponents a triangle with angles π/a, π/b...

Yuuki Yamagishi · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Critical Mass Is Set by Skin Balancing Content, Yet a Cube's Extra Volume Does Not Match Its Surface Coefficient ── in a bare one-group diffusion sphere, neutrons leaking through the skin over those gained in the content equal the square of the critical radius over the radius, and a cube's critical-volume factor 1.240490 is smaller than its equal-volume surface coefficient 1.240701 ── the separator is whether the weight of a shape is set by surface area or by the first eigenvalue ── [Paper 1007]

Whether a fission chain reaction keeps going is decided by the balance between neutrons gained in the content and neutrons leaking through the skin. This paper counts that balance in a bare one-group diffusion core (no reflector, no extrapolation distance, lengths measured in the diffusion length L, and the material re...

Yuuki Yamagishi · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Powder Arc Fusion (PAF): An Arc-Based Powder Bed Fusion System Concept for Low-Cost Metal Additive Manufacturing

Metal additive manufacturing has seen rapid growth, yet access remains limited by the high cost of established processes such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM), where entry-level systems typically require investments exceeding 100,000 USD. This paper introduces Powder Arc Fusion (PAF), a powder bed fusion concept that r...

Lukas Vogl · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

StivorLing: Digital Documentation and Social Media Revitalization of a Critically Endangered Romance Variety

This paper presents StivorLing (https://stivorling.com/en/home-english/), the first comprehensive, community-driven documentation and revitalization project dedicated to the heritage Italo-Romance variety of Štivor, a small village in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Currently, the variety is critically endangered, with only ap...

Marija Runić, Rossella Montibeler · 0 citations
#small language model Review Open access Sep 2026

A Systematic Literature Review of Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Coding Education: Humanizing Pedagogy, Learner Agency, and Equity in Global and Low-Resource Contexts

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being incorporated into coding and programming education through conversational tutors, automated feedback systems, adaptive scaffolding, multimodal learning environments, and AI-assisted programming tools. While these technologies can provide immediate assistance a...

Janix Asare · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Interpreting multimodal speech-vision models with sparse autoencoders

Vision-language models are a form of multimodal AI that encode language and visual information jointly for a range of downstream tasks, however interpretation of how they understand the input across modalities remains difficult. This work uses Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) to interpret a self-supervised audio-visual model...

Brian Diep · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

vcfclick: embedded VCF databases with auditable natural-language queries

Small VCF databases, one per cohort. Variants, genotypes, and samples live in either chDB (embedded ClickHouse) or DuckDB; gene and ClinVar annotations live in a sibling DuckDB file. A bundled Model Context Protocol server exposes a small set of tools so a language-model client can query the cohort in natural language...

Paulo A. F. Nuin · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Language Equivalence Between Deterministic One-Counter Automata and Nondeterministic One-Counter Nets Is Decidable

As a continuation of our previous work, we publish the paper resolving the open Automata Exchange Problem 24.04(A) by showing that the problem is decidable. Unlike Problem 24.04(B), Problem 24.04(A) was not stated precisely enough to make clear whether epsilon-moves were included in the model. For this reason, we solve...

Alp Eren Bütün · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Language Equivalence Between Deterministic One-Counter Automata and Nondeterministic One-Counter Nets Is Decidable

As a continuation of our previous work, we publish the paper resolving the open Automata Exchange Problem 24.04(A) by showing that the problem is decidable. Unlike Problem 24.04(B), Problem 24.04(A) was not stated precisely enough to make clear whether epsilon-moves were included in the model. For this reason, we solve...

Alp Eren Bütün · 0 citations

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