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small language model

3,366 papers

#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

MemDuet: Learning Dual-Process Memory for Long-Context Reasoning

Inspired by Kahneman's account of fast and slow thinking, MemDuet is a dual-process memory framework that learns to coordinate a small language model for fast, parallel evidence selection from raw context chunks with a large language model for memory-update verification and memory updates in document order.

Jiang-Cheng Song, Hao-Dong Jing, Yu-Ling Mu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Recognizing Dialogue Ambiguity via Candidate Set Visual Grounding

Interpreting an ambiguous utterance in real-world interactions often requires context beyond a single utterance. When the utterance refers to objects in a visual scene, it is necessary to maintain and update the set of plausible referents as context accumulates, without assuming that the available information identifie...

Shun Inadumi, Lee Sangmyeong, Koichiro Yoshino · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

One Block Ahead: Promoting Sampler State in Diffusion Language Models

It is demonstrated that for uniform-state diffusion LMs, where a block's denoising progress is not visible in its intermediate tokens, concurrent decoding is advantageous if the next block's tokens are promoted together with the corresponding sampler state, including the self-conditioning signal and the denoising time.

Yang-Yi Shen, Pin-Jui Ku, Nicolai Oswald et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

The COUNT: Counting N-grams Unlocks Scaling on Host Memory and Training-Free Adaptation

The scaling relationship of compute and performance for language models (LMs) has been extensively studied; more recently, models are being designed to scale memory use, as well. In particular, adding embeddings for n-grams scales memory separately from compute use, because each pass only processes individual embedding...

Ian Magnusson, Noah A. Smith, P. W. Koh · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

HACHIMI-II: From Role-Play to Learner Behavior Modeling for Faithful Student Simulation

Simulated students let researchers test tutoring systems and teaching strategies before real learners are available, but only if the simulation reproduces where a particular learner succeeds and fails. The common approach asks a large language model to role-play a student, but a role does not model what this learner kn...

Yi-Lin Jiang, Fei Tan, Xuan-Yu Yin et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

INTACT: Inducing Latent Reasoning on a Frozen Backbone

The same recipe trained on a multi-domain corpus improves the frozen backbone on twelve evaluation benchmarks spanning mathematics, science, and commonsense, without task-specific adaptation.

Kutay Tire, Atula Tejaswi, Haris Vikalo et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Target-Token Asymmetry Can Masquerade As Depth Specialization

Layer-ablation studies often perturb early or late layers of a language model, compare the damage to prediction on two corpora, and read a larger early-layer effect on one corpus as early-layer specialization for its task. Such a comparison averages over the tokens that each corpus asks the model to predict, and these...

Dan-Lin Li, Miao Li, Xu Han et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

When Non-Adversarial Noise Hurts Learning: Benchmarking Skill Self-Evolution in Agents

Large language model agents increasingly improve by distilling experience into reusable skills, but errors in that experience can persist in learned rules and affect later tasks. Existing evaluations largely examine clean learning or perturbations encountered after skills are frozen, leaving robustness during self-evol...

Tao Yu, Zhong-Tian Luo, Yu-Chen Long et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Progress-Aware Distillation for Mitigating Stagnation in Small Language Model Agents

Progress-Aware Distillation (ProD) is proposed, which explicitly detects and penalizes stagnation in student-generated trajectories and encodes the stagnation gap between student and teacher into an adaptive margin for dynamically penalizing possible stagnation.

Yuan-Pu Cao, Saket Sathe, Hanyu Wang et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Oct 2026

Enforcing a Strict Safety Margin in LLM Text Generation via Barrier Lyapunov Control

This work derives an explicitly computable sufficient disturbance budget under which the clearance guarantee degrades gracefully, and proves that the clearance margin is never violated and that the prescribed clearance is restored exponentially, yielding an explicit clearance floor.

Anand Singh, Shubham Singh, Anjali Tiwari et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Oct 2026

On separable pairs of fields and beautiful pairs of separably closed valued fields

We continue the study of beautiful pairs of henselian valued fields, initiated in joint work of the second author with Cubides Kovacsics and Ye. As our main result, we show that separably closed non-trivially valued fields of arbitrary imperfection degree admit beautiful pairs which are elementary pairs satisfying cert...

Zheng-Qing He, Martin Hils · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 23, 2026

Q&A: How AI came to model the “messy” human mind

Assistant Professor Benjamin Lindquist studies how engineers deliberately injected randomness into early AI, giving rise to deep-learning models that sometimes hallucinate.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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