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small language model

3,366 papers

Integrating Critical Thinking in Language Education: A Textual Analysis

Critical thinking is generally regarded as a desirable objective in language education, although there is disagreement on its definition, teachability to second-language learners, and integration into language classes. This paper conducts an open textual analysis of a collection of eight abstracts published between 199...

Aisha Sultana · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

History Before Models: labelled history, small language models and cascades for request classification on local hardware

A measured study and reproducible toolkit. On 4,500 crowdsourced requests routed to 10 departments, a text classifier trained on 15,000 labelled past requests answers 95.9% correctly, against 86.6% for a 7.6B-parameter local language model; cascades of models alone cost more than the large model; the language model ear...

Giovanni Simonetti · 0 citations
#small language model Dataset Open access Oct 2026

Replication package for "When Is Smaller Cheaper? Break-Even Tests for Large Language Model Cascades on a Metered Cloud Inference Service

Collected model traces, analysis harness, collection scripts and article source behind every number, table and figure in the article. Running reproduce.sh regenerates them offline. Version 2 accompanies the Journal of Cloud Computing submission and corrects the savings ceiling (Proposition 2) and the answer grader; ver...

Yash Rajeshbhai Parikh · 0 citations
#small language model Review Open access Oct 2026

Preparing Future Outstanding Engineers: Multidimensional Structure and Associated Factors of Core Competence

Preparing engineers for rapidly changing sociotechnical environments requires a clear account of the competencies that undergraduate engineering programs should foster. This study used the term future outstanding engineers to refer to engineering undergraduates being prepared for engineering excellence and examined the...

Jing-Xuan Wang, Xin-Qiao Liu · 0 citations
#small language model Review Oct 2026

Effectiveness of AI-Assisted Screening Tools for Depression and Anxiety in Primary Care: A Systematic Review

Clinically, AI-assisted interventions were associated with higher depression remission and better anxiety outcomes than treatment-as-usual in individual trials and key challenges included limited external validation, demographic homogeneity, and insufficient reporting on ethical safeguards.

M. Alharbi, Abdulaziz Alrahili, M. Alharbi et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

A Geometric and Metric-Measure Framework for the Yang–Mills Mass Gap

This paper studies the Gribov–Zwanziger formulation of Yang–Mills theory as a metric-measure problem and separates what is proved from what is assumed. It does not solve the Yang–Mills existence and mass gap problem. The mass-gap result is conditional only: it holds if (i) regularized ground-state measures on the Gribo...

Reinaldo M. Silva-Filho · 0 citations
#small language model Dataset Open access Oct 2026

FIE-sLLM Benchmark v1.2: ontology-constrained decoding for small open language models on clinical nutrition abstracts (code, results, raw outputs)

Companion material for the article Ontology-Constrained Decoding for Small Open Language Models: Structural Gains, Content Trade-offs, and Silent Omission in Clinical Nutrition Abstract Extraction (submitted to IEEE Access, 2026). Six open small language models (Granite-4.0-1B, Qwen3-1.7B, Qwen3-4B-Instruct-2507, Phi-4...

Dongwook Han · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Kartu Domino Berbantuan Blooket pada Materi Singkatan dan Akronim untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa

This study aims to develop Blooket-assisted domino card learning media for abbreviations and acronyms and to examine its feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness in improving the learning outcomes of fifth-grade elementary school students. Previous studies have examined domino cards and Blooket as learning media in...

Muhamad Abdul Faqih, Y. E. Patras, Dita Destiana · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

End-to-end decision latency of a confidence-gated Laya–phi4 cascade on one consumer GPU

A small, fast text classifier can answer the easy cases itself and pass only the uncertain ones to a large language model. Version 1.0 of this work estimated how much time such a two-stage setup saves; this version measures it while both models run on one consumer graphics card. The two-stage setup made the average dec...

Mariusz Kulma · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

How Much Junk Do Rules Catch? Evaluating and Tuning pygarble, a Dependency-Free Gibberish Screener, on Survey Responses and Social-Media Text

Text that reaches a language model, a survey database or a training corpus is not always text. Keyboard mashing, random strings and placeholder answers are common, and the usual detectors for them are either trained classifiers with model downloads or hand-written rules that are rarely measured. pygarble is a Python li...

Ujjwal Singh Rao, Ricky Singh · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

X-Star: Endogenous Continuous Plasticity and Commutative Latent Deliberation for Compact Neural Architectures

Small language models (<= 3B parameters) are severely constrained by parameter capacity, autoregressive order bias, and catastrophic forgetting during continuous adaptation. While existing System-2 approaches rely on expensive external scaffolding (e.g., tree-search verifiers and multi-agent coordination), they introdu...

Matthew Chen · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

Explainable Large Language Model for Intelligent Decision Support in Complex Domain

Despite showing great skills in working with unstructured data and generating appropriate answers, large language models (LLMs) cannot be applied in critical settings due to their lack of transparency and susceptibility to hallucination. The paper describes an approach to creating explainable LLM-based decision support...

Dr.P.Jayalakshmi · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 23, 2026

Q&A: How AI came to model the “messy” human mind

Assistant Professor Benjamin Lindquist studies how engineers deliberately injected randomness into early AI, giving rise to deep-learning models that sometimes hallucinate.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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