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small language model

3,445 papers

#generative ai Review Open access Oct 2026

A Survey on Retrieval-Augmented and Transformer-Based Approaches for Legal AI: Grounding, Reasoning, and Multilingual Outcome Prediction

Legal artificial intelligence (AI) systems increasingly draw on retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), transformerbased embeddings, multi-stage structured reasoning, and ensemble learning to support tasks such as legal question answering, legal judgment prediction, and multilingual outcome prediction. Hallucination, lim...

Neeraja R. A., Sherin Shaji, Devende M. R. et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

Toward a cognitive framework of expert singing-voice evaluation in bel canto pedagogy: a longitudinal exploratory study

Classical singing pedagogy relies on expert judgments that integrate auditory-perceptual cues, embodied pedagogical knowledge, and specialized evaluative language. This exploratory, longitudinal study proposes a cognitive framework, centered on Polanyi’s concept of tacit knowledge, for describing how experienced bel ca...

Kyoko Ikeda, Michiko Yamaguchi, 朱実 小畑 et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Review Open access Oct 2026

Treatment adaptations to family-based treatment for children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa or atypical anorexia nervosa, and their evidence-base: a systematic review

While some promising adaptations to Family-Based Treatment were identified, the evidence-base remains limited by a predominance of small, uncontrolled studies and a lack of standardised outcome measures.

A. Cussen, Michele Yeo, Janet Conti et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

Agentic AI-Driven Data Engineering: A Framework for Self-Directed Enterprise Data Pipelines

Enterprise data pipelines have grown in scale and interdependency faster than the operational practices used to maintain them. Pipeline failures are still predominantly diagnosed and remediated by human engineers reading logs, tracing lineage, and applying tacit knowledge, which produces long mean-time-to-recovery and...

A. Kolla, Ameya Kokate · 0 citations
#small language model Review Open access Oct 2026

Psychological outcomes of primary-school physical education interventions: a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis

Physical education (PE) offers opportunities for psychological learning, but evidence of benefit depends on the outcome, design, and instructional context. This systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis included 74 reports from 70 trial families of primary-school PE interventions. Four databases covered...

Le-Bin Li, Yao-Jun Huang, Di Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

Modeling L2 writing processes beyond pause thresholds: A window-level hidden Markov approach to keystroke-logging data

Keystroke logging has made second language (L2) writing visible as a sequence of pauses, production, cursor movement, and editing, yet much evidence is still analyzed through fixed pause cut-offs or isolated process measures. This study examined whether a window-level hidden Markov model (HMM) could provide an interpre...

Aitor Garcés-Manzanera · 0 citations
#small language model Book Oct 2026

The Arrival Cliff

The honeymoon ends. Within days or weeks of landing, most international students hit a sharp dip in confidence—the “arrival cliff”—when novelty stops compensating for cumulative friction: a missed bureaucratic deadline, a familiar gesture suddenly read as inappropriate, a class discussion that moves three steps ahead o...

Genevive Bjorn, Clara Fangfang Ma · 0 citations
#small language model Review Open access Oct 2026

Grounding language models with deterministic verifiers for fraud detection

VR-FraudNet, a five-stage framework combining a time-conditioned spectral graph encoder, LightGBM triage and threshold routing, a schema-constrained rationale language model, a fixed deterministic verifier, and an isotonic probability mixer with split-conformal calibration, does not establish universal adversarial safe...

Md Sultanul Arefin Sourav, Evha Rozario, Md Ashiqul Islam et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Review Open access Oct 2026

Author metadata affects Large Language Model scores in scientific peer review

A controlled counterfactual audit of 80 recent English-language arXiv manuscripts shows that metadata perturbations can displace manuscripts and alter top-K shortlist membership, identifying a concrete reliability risk for LLM-assisted scientific evaluation pipelines.

Marco Rospocher · 0 citations
#small language model Book Open access Oct 2026

Who Should Own the Loop? Harness Decomposition for Small-Model Repository Repair

The results show that harness-managed control flow can substantially improve the effectiveness of the smallest models and suggest that small models can be useful for repository repair when responsibilities are divided across explicit stages that can be independently assigned to the component best suited to each.

Francesco Dente, Dario Satriani, Donatello Santoro et al. · 0 citations

Breaking Memory Wall for Fast Edge LLM Inference Using Contextual Sparsity

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on memory-constrained edge servers to serve requests from mobile devices is challenging due to their substantial resource demands. The Key-Value (KV) cache and Feed-Forward Network (FFN) parameters consume the majority of available memory. However, existing methods typically rely...

Zhong-Xiang Wei, Yi-Peng Zhou, Jin Zhao et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Oct 2026

Purifying Backdoored Large Vision-Language Models by Removing Hijacked Directions

OrthoPurify is proposed, a more efficient method to purify backdoored model weights via one-step orthogonal projection, which reduces the attack success rate to near zero while preserving the original performance across diverse benchmarks, without retraining the backdoored model or introducing inference-time overhead.

Bo Yang, Hao-Chen Zhou, Zhi-Fang Zhang et al. · 0 citations

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