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small language model

3,445 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

TCMClinicalReason-Bench: Can Language Models Reason from Pathogenesis to Prescription over Real-World Clinical Cases?

Large language models (LLMs) can generate clinical narratives that are insufficiently grounded in patient-specific evidence. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), errors can propagate from etiology and pathogenesis through syndrome diagnosis and treatment principles to prescription generation. We developed TCMClinical...

Ji Dai, Chen-Kai Zhang, Yan Jia et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

Can large language models extract travel history from clinical text? A multi-annotator benchmark study

An annotation framework covering key aspects of travel history, including destination, exposures, travel duration, and multiple temporal variables is developed, used to annotate a corpus of 100 clinical case reports by five clinicians, yielding over 5,000 clinician annotations.

P. Kanithi, A. Pradhan, H. Cui et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Conference Oct 2026

Evaluating Small and Large Language Models in a Self-Correcting Text-to-SQL Agent for Enterprise ERP Reporting

Findings suggest model scaledoes not fully determine performance within a fixed pipeline,supporting compact local models as a practical, low-cost, lowlatencyalternative for enterprise deployment.

S. Shah, Aman Sheikh, S. Nath et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Review Open access Oct 2026

Uncertainty-Aware Construction of Semantic Scheduling Instances from Incomplete Software Artifacts

Semantic scheduling is formulates as an uncertainty-aware framework that builds an admissible, quality-controlled scheduling instance from incomplete artifacts and optimizes it into feasible calendar-resource schedules.

D. Tyshchenko, V. Antypenko, A. Nenia et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Review Open access Oct 2026

Prevalence and risk factors of depression and anxiety among Yemeni students in Saudi universities

Yemeni students in Saudi universities occupy an unusual position. They study abroad, yet in a country that shares their language, religion, and much of their culture, while their families remain in a state that has been at war since 2014. Depression and anxiety are common among international students generally, and rec...

Abdulqader Ba Abbad, A. Alasheq, Mohammed Bokir et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Book Oct 2026

Teaching Domain-specific Modeling with a Small Robot Motion Framework

The Robot Motion Framework is introduced, which combines modular robot hardware with a model-based toolchain consisting of a model database, a graphical modeling environment, and a model interaction language and is used in teaching MBSE and DSM concepts to aerospace engineering students at the University of Stuttgart.

Vanessa Tietz, Michael Wojczik, Bjoern Annighoefer · 0 citations
#small language model Book Oct 2026

Evaluating Embedding Models and Preprocessing for Retrieval of MDE Elements in RAG Systems

In an evaluation on two PREEvision Electric/Electronic-architecture models using automatically derived questions, it is found that text embedding models are capable of capturing the semantics of model elements, however, they often only find anchor points in the model and struggle to retrieve all relevant model elements...

Julian Roßkothen, David Inca Pilco, Tobias Hey et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Book Open access Oct 2026

AMIGO: Agentic Model Instance Generation

Generating metamodel-conforming instance models is a recurring task in Model-Driven Engineering (MDE), yet it remains tedious and tool-bound: instances are serialized as verbose, deeply nested XMI that today’s large language models (LLMs) cannot reliably produce or edit. We present AMIGO, a general, harness-agnostic ar...

Maximilian Hummel, Julian Roßkothen, Nathan Hagel et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Book Open access Oct 2026

Formally-Verified Training and Runtime Validation for Small Language Models Using Relational Specifications

This work investigates whether relational specifications can ground SLM behaviour by mathematical proof rather than statistical regularities alone, and gives practitioners a route to deploy verifiable SLMs in safety-critical settings.

Chia Sabah · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Oct 2026

Rubric-Based Optimization for Text-to-Music Generation

Together, these results suggest a practical division of labor: ALM rubrics are effective for broad perceptual qualities that are difficult to formalize, while specialized objective rewards remain preferable when reliable measurements are available.

Ping Wang, Guang Yang, Shao-Rong Su et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Oct 2026

Reliable Self-Evolution with Imperfect Proxy Rewards

Conformal Interval-Driven Self-Evolution (CISE) is proposed, which constructs candidate-specific reward intervals using conditional conformal inference and iteration-wise online density-ratio estimation and returns candidates only when all required property intervals lie entirely within their respective feasible region...

Kangjun Noh, Soyu Kim, Kyungwoo Song · 0 citations

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