Jul 2026· Revista de Estudos Interdisciplinares· 0 citations
TL;DR
It is concluded that the responsible use of artificial intelligence in medicine depends on human supervision, professional training, and the integration of bioethical principles, ensuring technological innovation aligned with safety and patient-centered care.
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed contemporary medicine, contributing to advances in diagnosis, clinical monitoring, therapeutic personalization, and medical decision support. However, its application presents ethical and legal challenges related to algorithmic transparency, data protection, technological biases, professional autonomy, and accountability for potential failures. The objective of this study was to analyze the ethical limits and legal liability associated with the use of artificial intelligence in medicine. This is a narrative literature review with a qualitative approach, based on scientific articles, books, legislation, and national and international documents published between 2018 and 2025. The analyzed studies demonstrate that AI has the potential to improve healthcare, but its implementation requires attention to risks related to system explainability, equity, information security, and regulation. It is concluded that the responsible use of artificial intelligence in medicine depends on human supervision, professional training, and the integration of bioethical principles, ensuring technological innovation aligned with safety and patient-centered care.
This review addresses the primary ethical principles relevant to AI in medicine - including respect for patient autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice - alongside key legal frameworks with respect to liability, data protection, regulatory compliance, and algorithmic transparency.
Sebastian Schleidgen, O. Friedrich· European journal of internal...· 0 citations
Analysis of six areas of artificial intelligence in healthcare concludes that a workable framework must combine the principles of medical negligence law with data protection, consumer protection and sectoral safety requirements, together with governance mechanisms for artificial intelligence such as human oversight, audit logs, explainability and grievance redressal.
Ashish Kumar Kureel, B. Yadav· International Journal of Law...· 0 citations
The study suggests that privacy-by-design practices, clearer accountability procedures, and visible ethical governance may support more trustworthy implementation of AI-enabled medical record systems in Oman.
Abderrazak Mkadmi, F. Hamad, Naifa Bait Bin Saleem· Discover Artificial Intellig...· 0 citations
Abstract The increasing application of artificial intelligence in medicine has led to significant advances in diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of diseases. However, its use raises important ethical issues involving medical responsibility, confidentiality, and patient autonomy. This review aimed to analyze the main bioethical aspects of the use of artificial intelligence in ophthalmological practice. Articles addressing the interaction between artificial intelligence, ethics, and ophthalmology were included, with emphasis on risk situations and impacts on clinical decision-making. It is concluded that, despite the great potential of artificial intelligence to improve ophthalmic care, final responsibility for diagnosis and patient management remains exclusively with the physician. Furthermore, the implementation of these technologies must be conducted ethically, ensuring transparency, protection of patient privacy, and compliance with regulatory standards, in order to balance technological innovation with safety and respect for individual rights.
Gabrielle Araújo de Melo, Fernando Luiz Westphal, Thiago Russo et al.· Revista Bioética· 0 citations
Background Artificial intelligence is being deployed in radiology faster than the rules and regulations required to govern it. In India, this is further complicated by disparities in access to healthcare and a data protection legal framework that is in a transition phase until it becomes fully operational on May 13, 2027. Understanding these legalities is no longer optional for doctors who are in practice, using AI in the clinic, or participating in the development of AI. Methods This is a narrative review drawing on existing articles, Indian laws, and current national governance frameworks related to the use of AI in medical imaging in India. Results This review discusses the ethical and legal considerations that come with using AI today. We discuss algorithmic bias, the economic divide that limits AI access, the lack of transparency and explainability of black-box models, the threat to radiology residents from automation bias, and post-deployment model drift. On the legal side, we discuss the requirements of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, regarding informed consent and hospitals as data fiduciaries, the classification of AI tools as Software as a Medical Device (SaMD), and Indian governance frameworks, including the Indian Council of Medical Research Ethical Guidelines for AI in Biomedical Research and Healthcare, 2023, and the Strategy for Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare for India (SAHI), 2026. Conclusion The review concludes with a practical good-practice checklist that gives radiologists an illustrative set of questions to help retain the critical mindset required at each stage of AI adoption. As AI use cases vary by context, specific guidance for your own use case is recommended.
Vineet Upadhyaya, Vibhav Mithal, Amit Gupta et al.· Indian Journal of Radiology...· 0 citations
