2026· International journal of research and innovation in social science· Vol 10, pp. 1321-1333· 0 citations
Abstract
Bangladesh being a developing country in South Asia, is facing the challenge of air pollution for a long time now. The capital city Dhaka stands out within top 3 polluted cities in the entire earth. Inside Dhaka metropolitan area, the slums are often regarded as the most polluted locations. Still these areas are not explored properly in terms of slum-specific air pollution state. Thus, this study measures air pollution at 5 major slum areas of the Dhaka metropolitan area i.e. Shagufta, Bauniabadh, Bhasantek, Korail and Ceramic Bazar through an air quality monitoring system (AQMS) installed in each site for 2025. The collected data include values of particulate matter ((PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10), gaseous substances (CO2, NO2, SO2) and atmospheric variables (temperature and relative humidity). The collected data was taken into Microsoft excel and cleaning process was performed. Then the data for these variables were grouped by four seasons i.e., summer, monsoon, post-monsoon and winter and after analysis using RStudio, these were compared among the slum locations. This revealed that Korail, Bhasantek and Ceramic bazar are comparatively more polluted in terms of particulate matter, whereas Shagufta is more polluted by other gaseous traces. The analysis indicates winter as the most polluted season and monsoon as the least. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed the interconnectedness among these variables, where particulate matter exhibited high positive correlation with one another. Principal component analysis revealed particulate matter as the dominant pollutant. Under these circumstances, the study provides slum-specific recommendations e.g., awareness campaign, waste management etc.
Concentration of different pollutants such as O₃ , NO₂ , SO₂ , CO, PM₁₀ , and PM2.5 in the atmosphere is called air pollution, which created several challenges in the environment and is considered one of the dangerous phenomenal in the current world, in Afghanistan urbanization in last two decades had significant impact on air quality. There is different source of air pollution in urban areas such as industries, more population, transportation system, less vegetation covers and etc. The main goal of this of this research is to analyze the pollutant levels from 2021 to 2024 in Kabul city by analyzing of six major pollutants including O₃ , NO₂ , SO₂ , CO, PM₁₀ , and PM2.5 and comparing them with national standard and by using the AQI to analyses the air quality. This is a quantitative research; data has been collected from National Environmental protection Agency air quality station based in Darulaman area of Kabul city. Significant annual and seasonal variations in pollutant concentrations were found by the results. O₃ concentrations exceeded the national norm during the winter months, ranging from 14 µg/m³ (June 2023) to 181 µg/m³ (December 2022). Particularly in late 2024, NO₂ and SO₂ exhibited significant peaks, with NO₂ reaching 258 µg/m³ and SO₂ reaching 150 µg/m³, both of which exceeded allowable limits. With maximum readings of 221 µg/m³ and 157 µg/m³, respectively, PM₁ 0 and PM₂ .5 were continuously over national norms for a number of months. According to the analysis of the Air Quality Index (AQI), PM₂ . ₅ was the main pollutant affecting the general quality of the air. The AQI rating was at its lowest (79) in September 2022 (Moderate) and at its worst (207) in January 2021 (Very Unhealthy). Seasonal trends revealed that while air quality improved somewhat during some summer months, especially in 2022, it deteriorated during the winter months of November through January. Overall, the results show a trend toward worsening air quality in 2023 and 2024, particularly as a result of particle matter pollution.
Mujeebullah Ahmadzai, Masihullah Safi, Shafiqullah Rahmani· International Journal of Nat...· 0 citations
Air pollution is a major environmental and public health concern in India, driven by rapid urbanization, industrialization, vehicular emissions, and construction activities. This study presents a comparative analysis of the Air Quality Index (AQI) of five major cities in Maharashtra—Mumbai, Pune, Nagpur, Nashik, and Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar (Aurangabad)—using secondary data from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB). The analysis shows that Mumbai and Pune generally record higher AQI levels due to heavy traffic and industrial activities, while Nashik experiences relatively better air quality. AQI tends to worsen during winter and improve during the monsoon because of seasonal meteorological conditions. The study highlights the need for effective pollution control measures, sustainable urban planning, improved public transport, and continuous air quality monitoring to safeguard environmental quality and public health.
Dr.Gangotri S.Nirbhavane· EPRA international journal o...· 0 citations
Bad air quality is one of the most serious issues cities are struggling with today, especially in rapidly growing
megacities such as Dhaka. Increasing traffic volume and congestion make vehicular emissions one of the major sources of
urban air pollution. This study examines the spatial correlation between traffic activity and air pollution concentration levels
on selected road segments in megacity Dhaka. Traffic volume data were collected from six road segments along Mirpur Road
and Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue using videography-based surveys. Carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and
particulate matter (PM2. were simulated by using emission factor methods. We extracted air pollutant concentration data
from the Open-Meteo Air Quality API for each of these respective times and locations. Spatial emission distribution was
visualized using a grid framework of 250 m × 250 m by utilizing Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) tools.
The relationship between emissions and pollutant concentration were analyzed using regression. The results show that there
is a strong correlation between the daily traffic emissions and the concentrations of air pollutants, with R² = 0.97 for CO
(carbon monoxide) and R² = 0.93 for PM2.5 (particulate matter). The study highlights pollution hotspots on some major road
segments where traffic density is high. The study emphasizes the significance of both traffic control methods and sustainable
transportation planning especially for Dhaka in facilitating urban air quality challenges.
Jarif Hossain, Suprio Das, Md. Altaf Hossain et al.· International Journal of Inn...· 0 citations
Air pollution is one of Bangladesh's most pressing environmental problems, yet few studies have examined it at a national scale over a long time span. To describe trends, seasonality, geographic patterns, and pollution regimes, this study examines 25 years of hourly air quality data (2000-2025), covering over 3.19 million records, eight pollutants, and 103 cities monitored from 2022 onward following expansion from a single Dhaka station. The composite AQI series showed no significant long-term trend, an artifact of this network expansion rather than a real flattening of pollution, since Dhaka's own AQI rose steadily before the network grew. Seasonality was strong and highly significant, as AQI peaked in January (162.26) and fell to its lowest in July (61.47), tracking the dry and monsoon seasons. Geographically, southeastern coastal cities, including Teknaf and Bandarban, consistently recorded the lowest AQI levels. Dhaka remained the most polluted city, and air quality improved progressively with distance from the capital. K-means clustering of city-level AQI trajectories identified four distinct pollution regimes, ranging from cleaner coastal regions to a rapidly deteriorating Dhaka-Narsingdi cluster with an average increase of 1.84 AQI per year. Correlation analysis showed that PM2.5 and PM10 were the dominant contributors to AQI variation, and so combustion-related emissions are the primary target for air quality management and policy intervention.
One of the biggest environmental issues in cities is air pollution. Over 80% of urban dwellers are thought to be exposed to air pollution levels above the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommended limits. This work aims to compare the air quality index (AQI) with the WHO 2014 guideline during 2024 and to determine the sources of air pollution in the study areas, as well as to compare carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Libya with global emissions. The AirVisual Outdoor monitors were used in this work to measure AQI, PM2.5 PM10 and CO2, The finding revealed the AQI in Benghazi city during the February period was unhealthy for sensitive groups (level 3) and in April period was unhealthy (level 4), in Al Byada city was moderate throughout all periods (level 2), the air quality in Zliten city from January to May period was unhealthy for sensitive groups (level 3) and in the air quality in Tripoli city during February period was unhealthy for sensitive groups (level 3). Zliten city is considered the most polluted city due to the lack of infrastructure and afforestation in the city. Based on PM2.5/PM10 ratios, the natural source and coarse particles of pollution were more prevalent in the studied areas. The concentration of CO2 in Libya was approximately 441 ppm, while the global average reached about 444 ppm, indicating that the distribution of CO2 in the atmosphere is nearly uniform worldwide.
Fares F. Fares, Faraj S. Faraj, Antisar M. Elmajbary et al.· Libyan Journal of Science &...· 0 citations
Air pollution is an important international challenge due to its increasing impacts both on public health and the environment. The Air Quality Index simplifies the complex data by transforming the parameters into a single numerical value. However, accurately estimating the AQI stays a difficult because of the complicated connections among the pollutants and weather factors. It is aimed in this study to develop predictive models for AQI using statistical modelling, with a concentration on evaluating the influence of weather variables. The data were gained from publicly available government monitoring stations, specifically the Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board, as well as, the Central Pollution Control Board in Visakhapatnam city. Data period was used for the years 2018–2024. The parameters used are: AQI, SO₂, NOx, PM₁₀, PM₂.₅, NH₃, temperature, precipitation, and wind speed. At a particular air quality monitoring station, additional parameters such as NO, NO₂, CO, O₃, benzene, and toluene were included. Linear, polynomial, and exponential models are the models used for the statistical analysis. The results highlighted that the best model with the best effectiveness and fit is the polynomial model, which gives the best performance, the highest R² values (0.889, 0.937, 0.944, 0.900, 0.931, 0.703, and 0.662) across the studied stations were achieved. These findings can support improved air quality management and public health planning in Visakhapatnam city.
Zeinab Hilal, Dr. Gvr Srinivasa Rao· International Journal of Rev...· 0 citations
