Influence of Organic Nutrient Sources and Seed Inoculation Practices on Growth, Productivity and Profitability of Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek]
Jul 2026· Journal of Eco-friendly Agriculture· 0 citations
Abstract
A field experiment entitled Effect of Organic Manures, Rhizobium and Bijamrit on Growth and Yield of Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek]” was conducted at the Dr. B.R.C. Agricultural Research Station, Mandor, during Kharif 2024 on a loamy sand soil. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with twelve treatment combinations replicated three times. The treatments comprised four organic manures, viz., FYM @ 6 t ha⁻¹, vermicompost @ 2 t ha⁻¹, poultry manure @ 0.75 t ha⁻¹, and Jivamrit @ 500 L ha⁻¹ (soil application) + 10% foliar spray at 30 DAS, along with three seed treatments, viz., Bijamrit @ 200 ml kg⁻¹ seed, Rhizobium @ 25 ml kg⁻¹ seed, and Bijamrit + Rhizobium. The results revealed that nutrient management through organic sources significantly influenced the growth and yield attributes of mungbean. Application of poultry manure @ 0.75 t ha⁻¹ significantly increased plant height, dry matter accumulation, branches per plant, pods per plant, grains per pod, grain yield, stover yield, and biological yield over the other organic manures; however, it remained statistically at par with vermicompost @ 2 t ha⁻¹. Similar trends were observed for seed protein content, available soil N, P, and K at harvest, and microbial population at harvest. The highest benefit-cost ratio (4.1) was recorded with poultry manure. Among the seed treatments, the combined application of Bijamrit @ 200 ml kg⁻¹ seed and Rhizobium @ 25 ml kg⁻¹ seed recorded the highest growth and yield attributes and was found statistically at par with Rhizobium @ 25 ml kg⁻¹ seed alone. The highest benefit-cost ratio (3.4) was also recorded under the combined application of Bijamrit and Rhizobium. The study concluded that the application of poultry manure @ 0.75 t ha⁻¹ along with seed treatment of Bijamrit @ 200 ml kg⁻¹ seed + Rhizobium @ 25 ml kg⁻¹ seed significantly enhanced mungbean yield and economic returns.
A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2022 and 2023 at Dr. BRC Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Mandor, Rajasthan, to evaluate the effect of biofertilisers and growth-promoting microorganisms on growth, yield, and profitability of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek, var. GM-4) under the mungbean–wheat cropping system. The experiment was laid out in a Randomised Block Design with ten treatments and three replications. Treatments consisted of different combinations of the recommended dose of fertilisers and seed inoculation, soil application, or combined seed and soil application of Rhizobium and phosphate-solubilising bacteria (PSB). The results indicated that growth parameters, yield attributes, grain yield, biological yield, and economic returns were significantly influenced by the treatments. The greatest numerical plant heights at 30 DAS (46.8 cm) and 45 DAS (55.9 cm) were recorded under T₁₀, while T₅ recorded comparable values of 45.8 and 55.3 cm, respectively. The highest numbers of pods per plant (39.6) and seeds per pod (13.5), dry matter production (3.50 t ha⁻¹), and test weight (48.1 g) were observed under T₅, whereas the highest numerical chlorophyll content (4.00 mg g⁻¹) was recorded under T₁₀. The highest grain yield (pooled: 1458 kg ha⁻¹) and net return (₹98,855 ha⁻¹) were recorded with 100% RDF (T₅), whereas 75% RDF combined with seed and soil application of Rhizobium + PSB (T₁₀) produced a pooled grain yield of 1400 kg ha⁻¹ and a B:C ratio of 4.41, remaining statistically at par with T₅. Thus, integrated use of biofertilisers with 75% RDF can reduce fertiliser requirement without significant yield loss and improve profitability.
A. Verma, M. Mehriya, Ashish Vishnawat· International Journal of Pla...· 0 citations
A field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2025 at the Crop Research Centre, School of Agriculture, ITM University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, to study the effect of phosphorus levels and organic manures on the growth, physiological indices and yield of black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. The treatments comprised three phosphorus levels (40, 50 and 60 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹) and three organic manure sources, namely farmyard manure (FYM) at 5 t ha⁻¹, vermicompost at 2 t ha⁻¹ and poultry manure at 1.5 t ha⁻¹, along with an absolute control. Phosphorus application significantly improved growth, nodulation, dry matter accumulation, physiological growth indices and yield. The highest plant height (52.90 cm), number of branches plant⁻¹ (7.36), leaf area index (3.62), root nodules plant⁻¹ (27.20), dry matter accumulation at harvest (439.34 g m⁻²), crop growth rate (6.43 g m⁻² day⁻¹ during 40–60 DAS), grain yield (1412 kg ha⁻¹) and straw yield (3130 kg ha⁻¹) were recorded with 60 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹. Among organic manures, vermicompost at 2 t ha⁻¹ produced the highest grain yield (1422 kg ha⁻¹) and straw yield (3045 kg ha⁻¹). The application of 60 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹ with vermicompost at 2 t ha⁻¹ may improve the productivity of black gram under the conditions of the present study.
Tushar Chavan, S. Maurya, T. Tamang et al.· Archives of Current Research...· 0 citations
A field experiment entitled “To study the effect of different organic sources on yield attributes and yield of Green gram [Vigna radiata (L). Wilczek]” was conducted on clay-loam soil during Kharif 2025 at the Instructional Farm of Agronomy, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur, Rajasthan. The experiment comprised of 10 treatments of different organic sources and seed treatment i.e. control (T1), FYM @ 6 tha-1 + Seed treatment with Beejamrit @ 20 mlkg-1 (T2), FYM @ 6 tha-1+Seed treatment with Rhizobium @ 5 mlkg-1 (T3), FYM @ 6 tha-1 + Seed treatment with NPK Consortium @ 5ml kg-1 (T4), Vermicompost @ 2t ha-1 + Seed treatment with Beejamrit @ 20ml kg-1 (T5), Vermicompost @ 2t ha-1 + Seed treatment with Rhizobium @ 5ml kg-1 (T6), Vermicompost @ 2t ha-1 + Seed treatment with NPK Consortium @5 ml kg-1 (T7), Jeevamrit 1500 L ha-1 at 20 and 45 DAS + Seed treatment with Beejamrit @ 20 ml kg-1 (T8), Jeevamrit 1500 L ha-1at 20 and 45 DAS + Seed treatment with Rhizobium @ 5 ml kg-1 (T9) and Jeevamrit 1500 L ha-1 at 20 and 45 DAS + Seed treatment with NPK Consortium @ 5ml kg-1 (T10), which were replicated three times in randomized block design. The soil at the experimental site was slightly alkali reaction, medium in available nitrogen and available phosphorus and high in potassium. In the experiment data clearly show that’s application of organic sources significantly affect yield attributes, seed and haulm yield. Application of treatment Vermicompost @ 2t ha-1+ Seed treatment with NPK Consortium @5 ml kg-1 (T7) recorded maximum number of pods plant-1 (32.0), number of seeds pod-1 (8.33), test weight (36.0 g), seed (993 kg ha-1), haulm (1583 kg ha-1) and biological yield (2576 kg ha-1).
Unknown authors· International Journal of Agr...· 0 citations
A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2022−23 at the Research Farm, Division of Agronomy, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu. The soil of the experimental site was sandy clay loam, slightly alkaline with low organic carbon and available nitrogen (N), medium available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). The experiment consisted of three sowing dates (viz., D1 : 25th November, D2: 15th December and D3: 5th January) in main plot, two wheat varieties (viz., V1: JAUW 672 and V2: DBW 303) in sub plot and two plant growth regulators (viz., T1: Control, T2: Bacillus subtilis at 5 g/kg seed + paclobutrazol at 50 ppm at 30 and 60 DAS and T3: B. subtilis at 5 g/kg seed + kinetin at 10 ppm applied at 30 and 60 DAS) in sub-sub plot replicated thrice in split-split plot design. The experimental results revealed that among different treatments 25th November sowing dates, variety DBW 303 and plant growth regulators paclobutrazol at 50 ppm along with B. subtilis at 5 g/kg seed, recorded significantly higher leaf area index (LAI) (3.91, 3.61 and 3.63), soil plant analysis development (SPAD) (42.48, 39.68 and 39.74), dry matter (1056.42 g/m2, 941.94 g/m2 and 949 g/m2), yield attributes {number of effective tillers/m2 (316.98, 298.72 and 291.50), number of grains/spike (42.58, 41.10 and 41.74), yield (4793.23 kg/ha, 4133.58 23 kg/ha and 4177.7923 kg/ha), net returns (121919.67 ₹/ha, 877203.52 ₹/ha and 102681.10 ₹/ha) and B:C ratio (3.93, 3.44 and 3.15)}. Also, the interaction has been found significant in the case of dates of sowing and varieties for the number of effective tillers per square metre, grain yield and straw yield. Hence, under sub-tropical conditions of Jammu, the wheat crop variety DBW 303 can be sown on 25th November along with the application of B. subtilis at 5 g/kg seed + paclobutrazol at 50 ppm for higher productivity and profitability.
S. Sidhant, K. Manpreet, T. Vipin et al.· Plant Science Today· 0 citations
The present investigation was conducted during the winter season of 2021-22 at the Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Janta Vedic College, Baraut, Baghpat (U.P.), India. The study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of inorganic and bio-fertilizers on the growth and yield of broad beans. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with seven treatments: T0 (control), T1 (100% NPK), T2 (75% NPK + Rhizobium), T3 (75% NPK + VAM), T4 (75% NPK + Azospirillum), T5 (75% NPK + Rhizobium + VAM) and T6 (75% NPK + Azospirillum + VAM), with three replications. The results showed that the integrated application of Rhizobium and VAM with reduced NPK (T5) significantly enhanced various growth parameters, including the highest seed germination (97.97%), plant height (88.25 cm), leaf length (6.12 cm), leaf width (3.15 cm) and the number of branches per plant (8.06). Additionally, T5 treatment also led to earlier flowering (45.56 days after sowing) and superior yield attributes, such as the maximum number of pods per plant (49.61), pod weight (4.07 g), number of seeds per pod (4.40), pod length (5.20 cm), seed index (140.75 g) and pod yield (304.13 q/ha). The study concludes that the application of 75% NPK in combination with Rhizobium and VAM is highly effective in improving both the growth and yield of broad beans under Delhi NCR conditions.
B. Singh, Anupam Tiwari, Joginder Singh et al.· Annales Horticulturae· 0 citations
A field experiment was conducted during the 2024–2025 kharif season at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, to assess the effects of organic nutrient sources and plant growth-promoting microorganisms on soil fertility, corm yield and the economics of elephant foot yam [Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson] cv. Palam Zimikand-1. The experiment was arranged in a randomised complete block design with three replications and ten pre-planting corm treatments comprising cow urine, buffalo urine, slurries prepared from animal dung and urine, cow-dung slurry, beejamrit, Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis and water. Post-harvest soil samples were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Treatment T9 (Bacillus subtilis) recorded the lowest soil pH (6.98) and electrical conductivity (0.189 dS m⁻¹), together with the highest organic carbon content (0.82%), available nitrogen (252.79 kg ha⁻¹), available phosphorus (25.95 kg ha⁻¹) and available potassium (161.37 kg ha⁻¹). The same treatment produced the highest corm yield (551.11 q ha⁻¹), gross income (₹1,650,780 ha⁻¹), net return (₹1,064,395.30 ha⁻¹) and benefit-cost ratio (2.82). Under the conditions of this experiment, pre-planting corm treatment with Bacillus subtilis performed better than the other tested treatments for most soil-fertility and economic indicators.
Kashish Rawat, Santosh Kumari, Ankita· Journal of Advances in Biolo...· 0 citations
