Association Between Air Quality and Major Respiratory Diseases in Relation to Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5) and Gaseous Pollutants in Iğdır, Türkiye
Aug 2026· Pollutants· Vol 6, pp. 41· 0 citations· 38 references
Abstract
This study examines the long-term associations between ambient air pollutants and the burden of major respiratory and infectious diseases in this geographically sensitive region. A retrospective analysis was conducted using ICD-10-coded hospital records of patients diagnosed with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis, and tuberculosis from January 2020 to June 2026. These data were integrated with in situ air quality measurements, including PM10, PM2.5, and SO2, as well as satellite-derived Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from MODIS. Disease incidence was stratified by year, sex, and age groups (0–85+ years) to assess demographic susceptibility patterns. Respiratory diseases constituted a substantial public health burden over the study period. Asthma showed a marked female predominance (≈29,700 females vs. ≈16,000 males) and a bimodal age distribution with peaks in early childhood (0–5 years) and mid-adulthood (35–50 years). COPD was predominantly observed in males (≈8300 males vs. ≈5500 females), with a higher median age range (≈67–70 years). Bronchitis exhibited a similar bimodal pattern, disproportionately affecting both pediatric and elderly populations, while overall case numbers declined over time. Tuberculosis incidence was approximately threefold higher in males than females, with notable age-related divergence, affecting younger females (≈30–32 years) and middle-aged males (≈42–45 years). The findings suggest a spatial–temporal correspondence between elevated pollutant concentrations and respiratory disease prevalence in the Iğdır Basin. The observed sex- and age-specific disparities underscore the potential value of region-specific environmental health strategies, strengthened air quality management, and continuous epidemiological surveillance in enclosed basin environments.
PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and CO exposures were associated with COPD hospitalization in Kashi, precautionary measures should be taken with a focus on vulnerable subgroups, to control hospitalization for COPD associated with air pollutants.
Li Li, Ayiguli Alimu, Jingran Xu et al.· International Journal of COP...· 0 citations
Short-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO was associated with increased AECOPD hospitalization risk, with nonlinear, lagged, and cumulative effects, and older adults and females may be more susceptible to ambient air pollution.
Huixia Shi, Jiajun Li, Bo-Yan Li et al.· Medicine· 0 citations
BACKGROUND
Chronic lung diseases (CLD) pose a substantial public health burden. Although air pollution is a recognized risk factor, atmospheric humidity may influence respiratory health. Evidence evaluating multidimensional humidity indicators together with air pollution in relation to chronic lung disease in China remains limited.
METHODS
Data from 16,204 adults aged ≥45 years from the 2011, 2013, and 2015 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were analyzed. Annual exposures to six air pollutants (CO, NO2, O3, PM2.5, PM10, SO2) and six humidity indicators (RH, AVP, VPD, DPT, MR, SH) were estimated at 1-km resolution. Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were applied. Stratified and sensitivity analyses were conducted.
RESULTS
Higher concentrations of CO, NO2, O3, PM2.5, and SO2 were linearly associated with increased self-reported CLD risk, while PM10 showed an approximate U-shaped relationship. Each interquartile-range increase in air pollutant concentrations was associated with an 18-45% higher odds of self-reported CLD. AVP, VPD, DPT, MR, and SH were positively associated with self-reported CLD risk, whereas RH exhibited an inverted U-shaped pattern. Weighted quantile sum analyses showed significant positive associations for both air pollution and humidity mixtures. A significant interaction between RH and sex was observed. Sensitivity analyses across different lag structures confirmed that air pollutants and atmospheric humidity were consistently associated with self-reported CLD risk.
CONCLUSIONS
Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and multidimensional humidity indicators was independently associated with higher self-reported CLD risk, highlighting the importance of considering meteorological factors in disease prevention.
Zong-Hui Yang, Xiaoxia Li· Journal of Asthma· 0 citations
It is suggested that NO2, but not PM10, was associated with ALRI admissions during Hajj, highlighting the need for Hajj-focused traffic-emission control and child health protection strategies in Makkah.
Albaraa A. Milibari, I. Hanigan, H. Badri et al.· Journal of the Air and Waste...· 0 citations
Background: Ambient particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) is a major environmental health risk contributing to global morbidity and mortality. Although its link with cardiovascular diseases is well established, evidence on the stroke burden attributable to PM2.5 exposure remains limited in Indonesia. Methods: This ecological study used Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data to analyze the association between PM2.5 exposure and stroke burden, including incidence, prevalence, and mortality, across 34 Indonesian provinces from 2011 to 2020. Age-standardized rates (ASRs) were assessed using a linear mixed model, with year as a repeated measure and province as a random effect to account for spatial and temporal variations. Findings: Mean PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 16.96 to 20.10 µg/m³, exceeding WHO and national air quality standards. Despite minor annual fluctuations in PM2.5, stroke mortality attributable to air pollution showed an increasing trend. Higher PM2.5 levels were significantly associated with ischemic stroke (IS) incidence (β = -0.117, p <0.001) and mortality (β = 0.152, p <0.001), as well as intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) incidence (β = 0.017, p = 0.015), prevalence (β = 1.641, p <0.001), and mortality (β = 0.773, p = 0.004). The effect of PM2.5 exposure was greater for ICH than for IS. Conclusion: Long-term exposure to PM2.5 is significantly associated with stroke burden in Indonesia, particularly for ICH. Strengthening air quality management and stroke prevention policies is crucial, especially in high-risk regions. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study is the first to comprehensively assess the long-term association between PM2.5 and stroke subtypes using national-level GBD data across all Indonesian provinces, providing spatially and temporally robust evidence for public health policy in low- and middle-income tropical settings.
Salma Dhiya Rachmadani· Public Health Risk Assesment...· 0 citations
Positive associations between long-term exposure to NO2 and CKD incidence were greater in never smokers than in ever-smokers, and stronger associations among never-smokers suggest that environmental exposures may independently influence kidney health.
Gonzalo Hevia-Ramos, Jiawei Zhang, Stephane Tuffier et al.· Journal of Exposure Science...· 0 citations
