Using Codebooks to Detect Cybercrime Topics in Text Narratives
Shufan ChaiLiangliang SunJessica Staddon
Sep 2026
CybersecurityHuman-computer Interaction
Abstract
In the United States, management of cybercrime-related consumer complaints increasingly falls on state and city governments given de-staffing of federal agencies. AI, and in particular, large language models (LLMs), shows promise for detecting cybercrime in text complaints, but often via specialized models that local governments are not resourced to develop and maintain. We present an LLM prompting method that uses codebooks from qualitative cybercrime research to detect cybercrime topics in consumer narratives. For two cybercrime topics, impostor scams and identity theft, we demonstrate the method achieves high precision and recall across multiple runs of 5 models in the Gemini and GPT model families. This strategy suggests a path for resource-constrained organizations, like many local governments, to leverage frontier models to support community safety.
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