Particulate Matter is a Global Challenge for Air Quality Management: Recent Advancement, Research Trends, and Gaps

Abstract

Particulate matter (PM), particularly PM 2.5 and PM 10 , poses significant threats to air quality and public health worldwide. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the global status, trends, sources, health impacts, and management strategies related to PM pollution. Given the rapid industrialization, urbanization, and vehicular emissions in developing regions, understanding PM dynamics is essential for effective policy development and mitigation. The study combines a systematic literature review with a bibliometric analysis using data retrieved from the Web of Science database. A total of 427 documents spanning 1993–2025 were analyzed using the Biblioshiny Package in R Studio and VOSviewer to assess trends, research collaborations, and thematic evolution. Key findings reveal increasing scholarly attention to PM research, particularly in China, India, and the United States of America (USA). South and East Asian countries exhibit the highest PM levels, driven by industrial emissions, vehicular exhaust, and biomass burning. In contrast, regions, such as the EU and the USA, report lower PM concentrations, indicating the effectiveness of stringent regulations. The study identifies gaps in monitoring networks, particularly in remote areas, and emphasizes the growing role of low‐cost sensors, artificial intelligence (AI), and green infrastructure in future air quality management. The findings underscore the urgent need to revise national standards to align with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, promote cross‐border collaborations, and implement integrated, science‐based policies. These actions are critical for mitigating PM‐related health risks and advancing global environmental sustainability.