Jul 2026· Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part C, journal of mechanical engineering science· 0 citations· 36 references
Abstract
To suppress the flow-induced vibration of a single-stage single-suction centrifugal pump (rated head 5 m, flow rate 30 m
3
/h, rotational speed 1000 r/min), the key impeller parameters were taken as design variables and screened via the parameter sensitivity analysis method in this study. The internal flow field was solved using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approach with the SST k–ω turbulence model, implemented in the commercial CFD code ANSYS Fluent. With pump efficiency and the sample standard deviation of circumferential tangential velocity uniformity at all nodes of the impeller outlet set as the optimization objectives, and pump head as the constraint condition, the Kriging surrogate model combined with the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) was adopted to conduct the optimal design of the impeller structure. The results show that the head and efficiency of the optimized pump are increased by 10.8% and 2.7%, respectively. The pressure pulsation amplitudes associated with the blade-passing frequency (BPF) at the volute tongue are significantly reduced, with a 36.1% decrease at the volute tongue and a 22% decrease inside the volute, which effectively mitigates the rotor-stator interaction (RSI). Comparisons of the internal flow fields confirm the suppressed secondary flows, reduced turbulent kinetic energy, weakened jet-wake effects, and improved unsteady performance of the optimized pump, thus verifying the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed optimization strategy.
In response to the severe wear of centrifugal pumps, Workbench workflow is utilized to adjust the blade inlet and outlet angles, aiming to reduce the wear of the impeller and volute of the centrifugal pump and optimize the pump’s efficiency and head. Orthogonal experiments are conducted by varying the inlet and outlet angles. The original sample points are expanded and optimized in combination with the support vector machine and grid search. The optimization results indicate that under the condition of spherical particles, the efficiency at the rated operating condition increases by 1.71%, and the head rises by 0.35%. The appropriate eddy currents formed by increasing the impeller inlet angle alleviate the particle deposition phenomenon in the centrifugal pump, resulting in a smoother particle flow. The wear of the centrifugal pump blades decreases from 40.76 × 10−7 mm to 7.77 × 10−7 mm. After optimization, the overall entropy generation rate of the volute decreases, while that of the blade suction surface and the impeller outlet area increases. Additionally, through empirical mode decomposition analysis, it is found that the optimized design reduces high–frequency interference and the pulsation amplitude, making the flow field more stable. The frequency distribution also shifts from being dominated by high–frequency components to concentrating energy in the medium- and low-frequency regions.
Jiamin Xu, W. Dong, Luning Yang et al.· Fluids· 0 citations
In response to the stringent requirements of methanol delivery for flow stability and sealing reliability, this paper focuses on the cycloidal rotor methanol pump, conducting multi-objective optimization design and performance analysis. By improving the trochoid curve design of the inner rotor teeth and using the envelope method for outer rotor adaptation design, key structural parameters are determined and the fuel supply calculation formula is derived. With the aid of UG, SolidWorks, and ANSYS ICEM CFD, three-dimensional and fluid domain models are constructed. Flow field simulation is conducted based on the Navier-Stokes equations and the standard k-ε model to analyze velocity, pressure, and flow pulsation characteristics. The results show that during stable pump operation, the flow pulsation rate is reduced to 6.6%, there is no severe negative pressure in the trapped oil zone, and the methanol engine fuel supply requirements are met. This research provides theoretical and technical support for the performance improvement and engineering application of cycloidal rotor methanol pumps.
OBJECTIVE
As a core component of mechanical circulatory support devices, a centrifugal blood pump with excessively low hydraulic efficiency can lead to poor blood compatibility, low efficiency, excessive heat generation, insufficient blood supply, and pressure fluctuations. These issues adversely affect patient prognosis. To address these bottlenecks, this study aims to perform structural optimization of the centrifugal blood pump with the goal of improving hydraulic efficiency and exploring suitable optimization methods.
METHODS
This study takes the UJN-1 magnetically suspended centrifugal blood pump as the research object, with hydraulic efficiency simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as the target, and compares the results of optimizing four impeller parameters (blade inlet angle, outlet angle, number of blades, blade height) using orthogonal experiments and neural network-genetic algorithm (NN-GA).
RESULTS
Genetic algorithm (GA) optimization yielded an impeller with 20.48° inlet angle, 17.22° outlet angle, 6 blades, and 4.55 mm height. Its hydraulic efficiency increased by 2.38%, outlet pressure fluctuation decreased significantly, and it outperformed the orthogonal pump by 1.57%. Hydraulic experiments validated the results, with deviations within approximately ±1% of CFD.
CONCLUSION
The NN-GA demonstrates superior global optimization capabilities to the orthogonal experiment.
SIGNIFICANCE
This study provides new insights for multi-parameter coupled centrifugal blood pump optimization and guides pump design in energy, chemical, and semiconductor industries.
This work presents a surrogate-assisted multi-objective aerodynamic optimization of a centrifugal air pump through joint reshaping of the impeller blade and diffuser vane. A 22-dimensional design space is constructed using Bézier-based recambering, leading-edge lean, and independently varied hub and shroud stagger angles. The objective is to improve the stage pressure rise and efficiency while controlling the axial force through enhanced impeller–diffuser matching. Single-objective, bi-objective, and tri-objective optimizations are performed. The Pareto fronts reveal clear tradeoffs in that the total pressure rise and efficiency are positively correlated at moderate loading but become conflicting at high loading, and higher pressure rise is accompanied by increased axial force. The selected optimized model achieves simultaneous improvements in both the stage total pressure rise and efficiency relative to the baseline model, with the axial force coefficient remaining comparable to the baseline. Sobol sensitivity analysis identifies the diffuser vane camberline parameters as the dominant group for stage-level performance, the shroud stagger angle and hub blade camberline as co-dominant for the impeller work input, and reveals pervasive nonlinear cross-component coupling that provides statistical justification for the joint impeller–diffuser optimization strategy. SHapley Additive Explanations analysis corroborates these findings and further quantifies that the combined diffuser vane camberline contribution to stage efficiency exceeds 44%, while the axial force coefficient is governed nearly uniformly by all geometric groups. Analysis on the internal flow mechanisms demonstrates that the streamwise allocation of blade lean is the key for stage performance improvement. Negative lean near the impeller inlet enhances work input, while positive lean downstream suppresses low-energy fluid accumulation in the suction surface–shroud corner and weakens the jet–wake structure. In the diffuser, positive vane lean alleviates total pressure losses in the pressure-side–hub corner by establishing a favorable spanwise pressure gradient. These findings provide design guidelines for low-speed centrifugal turbomachinery aerodynamic optimization through coordinated blade stacking and recambering.
Peng Sun, Mingze Yuan, Wei Zhang et al.· The Physics of Fluids· 0 citations
Hydraulic radial force from rotor–stator interaction causes pump vibration and bearing wear. To regulate this, this study proposes a low-vibration impeller design framework combining delayed detached-eddy simulation (DDES), Spearman correlation, sensitivity analysis, and multi-objective NSGA-II optimization, while explicitly treating hydraulic radial force as a primary design objective under an unchanged volute configuration, and is supported by multi-condition experiments. Four key parameters are defined: blade wrap angle (φ), governing passage diffusion; outlet blade angle (β), determining exit fluid trajectories; tangential cutting diameter (Dt), controlling shroud radius; and oblique cutting angle (ζ), adjusting near-hub boundaries. Sensitivity analysis indicates that Dt dominantly controls head and force regulation (42.3% head contribution), while β governs efficiency. Multi-objective optimization identifies an optimal low-vibration configuration (φ = 126°, β = 36°, Dt = 136 mm). Under rated conditions, this design curtails mean radial force by 26.6% (from 9.10 to 6.68 N) and blade-passing-frequency amplitude by 11.9%, while efficiency at 0.4Qd increases by 6.75 percentage points. Flow-field analysis demonstrates that force reduction stems from improved circumferential pressure uniformity, jet-wake suppression, and weakened trailing-edge vortical transport near the volute tongue. These results highlight the framework’s design innovation and practical value for low-vibration optimization of centrifugal pumps and related turbomachinery.
Hehui Zhang, Ting Liu, Kang Li et al.· Mathematics· 0 citations
The objective of this study is to model variations in pump geometry to obtain optimal performance under the effects of cavitation. The resulting geometric variation models were then simulated using ANSYS Fluent software. The first geometric variation model used a standard 5-blade impeller with suction pipe diameter variations of 2, 2 ½, 2 ¾, 3, 3 ¼, 3 ½, and 4 inches. The second geometric variation model for simulation used a standard 3-inch suction pipe with impeller blade variations of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. The simulation results indicated that the number of blades without changes in the inlet diameter did not affect the static pressure. Meanwhile, variations in the inlet diameter geometry caused changes in static pressure. With a standard inlet diameter geometry of 3 inches, a 5-blade impeller produced a flow rate of 0.041 m³/s and a head of 186.74 m. With the smallest inlet diameter variation of 2 inches and a fixed number of 5 impeller blades, the flow rate was 0.020 m³/s, and the head was 85.14 m. With the largest inlet diameter variation of 4 inches, the flow rate was 0.069 m³/s, and the head was 428.79 m. Under standard operating conditions with a 3-inch inlet, the impeller blade count resulted in a head of 186.74 m. The lowest head was obtained with a blade count variation of 4, with a value of 173.33 m. The highest head value was obtained with a blade count variation of 191.95 m.
G. Santoso, Susanto, Akhmad Nuriyanis et al.· Journal of Mechanical Engine...· 0 citations