Wheat productivity is constrained by declining soil fertility and low nutrient-use efficiency resulting from the continuous dependence on chemical fertilizers. Integrated Nutrient Management, through the judicious integration of organic, inorganic, and biological nutrient sources, offers a sustainable approach to enhance crop growth, yield, soil health, and long-term productivity; however, its effectiveness in combination with nano-fertilizers requires further evaluation. Therefore, a field experiment was planned during the Rabi season of 2024-25 and 2025-26, at the research farm of Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana. The experiment was laid out in a two-factorial randomized block design with three replications. Factor A comprised two wheat varieties (WH 1270 and DBW 222), while Factor B consisted of eight nutrient management treatments involving RDF, vermicompost (2 t/ha), foliar nano urea (1250 mL/ha), foliar nano DAP (1250 mL/ha), and Azotobacter applied alone or in combination. The pooled data revealed that the variety DBW 222 showed significantly higher plant height (94.34 cm), number of tillers/meter row length (65.77), DMA/meter row length (224.82 g), LAI (5.56), spike length (9.84 cm), grains/spikes (48.31), effective tillers/m2 (300.80), test weight (40.27 g), grain yield (5042 kg/ha) and straw yield (6651 kg/ha) over variety WH 1270. Among various nutrient combinations, maximum plant height (104.65 cm), number of tillers/meter row length (70.51), DMA/meter row length (251.73 g), LAI (6.18), spike length (10.88 cm), grains/spikes (51.37), effective tillers/m2 (322.57), test weight (42.21 g), grain yield (5642 kg/ha) and straw yield (7439 kg/ha) was recorded with treatment T3 (100% RDF with vermicompost @ 2t/ha) which was found at par with T5 and T4. These treatments were found superior over T2, T6, T8 and T7. The least were found in T1
Wheat productivity in semi-arid regions is often constrained by unsuitable varietal selection and imbalanced nutrient management. Integrating appropriate wheat varieties with balanced inorganic fertilisers and organic nutrient sources may improve crop growth and yield under such conditions. A field experiment was conducted during the 2025–26 rabi season at the Agricultural Research Farm, School of Agricultural Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, to evaluate the performance of three wheat varieties under six integrated nutrient management treatments. The experiment was arranged in a factorial randomised block design with three replications. The varieties were RAJ 3077, RAJ 4238, and RAJ 3765, while the nutrient treatments comprised the control, 75% RDF, 100% RDF, 125% RDF, 75% RDF + 25% N through FYM, and 100% RDF + 25% N through FYM. Growth parameters, yield attributes, and yield differed significantly among varieties and nutrient treatments. RAJ 3765 produced the greatest plant height, tiller number, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, and relative growth rate. It also recorded the highest spike length (9.08 cm), number of grains spike⁻¹ (44.09), 1000-grain weight (47.14 g), grain yield (4233 kg ha⁻¹), straw yield (8554 kg ha⁻¹), biological yield (12786 kg ha⁻¹), and harvest index (32.76%). Among the nutrient treatments, 100% RDF + 25% N through FYM produced the highest corresponding values, including a spike length of 10.14 cm, 48.56 grains spike⁻¹, 1000-grain weight of 47.50 g, grain yield of 4693 kg ha⁻¹, straw yield of 9073 kg ha⁻¹, biological yield of 13767 kg ha⁻¹, and harvest index of 34.07%. The findings indicate that RAJ 3765 combined with 100% RDF + 25% N through FYM was the most productive treatment under the study conditions.
Sagar Kumar, Ajeet Singh, Y. Tamboli et al.· Journal of Advances in Biolo...· 0 citations
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major cereal crop whose productivity depends substantially on balanced and efficient nutrient management. Integrating organic nutrient sources, biofertilisers and inorganic fertilisers may improve nutrient availability, crop performance and the sustainability of wheat production. A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive rabi seasons (2024–25 and 2025–26) at the Agricultural Research Farm, School of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, RIMT University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, India, to evaluate the comparative effects of organic and inorganic nutrient sources on the growth, yield and nutrient uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was laid out in a randomised block design (RBD) with twelve nutrient-management treatments comprising a control (no fertiliser or manure), 100% of the recommended dose of fertilisers (RDF), 75% RDF and different combinations of RDF with vermicompost, farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure, zinc sulphate (ZnSO₄) and Azotobacter. The results showed that integrated nutrient management significantly enhanced crop growth, yield attributes, grain and straw yields, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake compared with the control and fertiliser-only treatments. Among all treatments, 75% RDF + 1.25 t ha⁻¹ vermicompost + 20 kg ZnSO₄ ha⁻¹ + 5 kg Azotobacter ha⁻¹ (T₁₁) recorded the highest plant height, number of tillers per metre of row length, yield attributes, grain yield, straw yield and nutrient uptake during both years of experimentation. The superior performance of this treatment was attributed to the balanced and sustained nutrient supply, which improved nutrient availability and utilisation by the crop. The study indicates that combining a reduced inorganic fertiliser dose with vermicompost, zinc sulphate and Azotobacter can enhance wheat productivity and nutrient uptake under the experimental conditions of Punjab.
Prabhjot Kaur, Hemraj Meena· Asian Research Journal of Ag...· 0 citations
Pearl millet is an important climate-resilient cereal crop; however, its productivity remains below potential due to inefficient nitrogen management and widespread zinc deficiency, particularly in the light-textured soils of semi-arid Punjab. Therefore, there is a need to develop an integrated nitrogen and zinc management strategy to enhance nutrient-use efficiency, crop productivity, soil fertility, and economic returns. Based on this, a field experiment was conducted during kharif 2024 and 2025 at Guru Kashi University, Punjab, India, to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and zinc levels on growth, yield, nutrient uptake, soil fertility, and economics of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) with ten treatments comprising different nitrogen levels (80, 100 and 120% recommended dose) applied alone and in combination with zinc at 8 and 10 kg/ha. Integrated application of the recommended nitrogen dose with 100% RDN + 10 kg Zn/ha significantly enhanced dry matter accumulation, effective tillers, grain and stover yield, nutrient uptake, and economic returns over the control. Soil pH, EC, and organic carbon remained unaffected, while available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc showed slight improvement. Higher nitrogen application beyond the recommended dose did not provide additional yield benefits, emphasizing the importance of balanced fertilization. The study indicates that 100% RDN + 10 kg Zn/ha is an effective, sustainable, and economically viable nutrient management strategy for pearl millet under semi-arid Punjab conditions.
Harmanpreet Singh, K. Bansal, Sanjay Kumar et al.· Research on Crops· 0 citations
A field experiment was conducted during the rabi seasons of 2024–25 and 2025–26 at the Experimental Farm, School of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, RIMT University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, India, to evaluate the effects of inorganic fertilisers, organic manures, zinc sulphate (ZnSO₄), and Azotobacter on the growth, yield, and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was laid out in a Randomised Block Design (RBD) comprising twelve treatments with three replications. The treatments consisted of different combinations of the recommended dose of fertilisers (RDF), farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost, poultry manure, ZnSO₄, and Azotobacter. The results revealed that integrated nutrient management significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved plant height, leaf area index, tiller density, dry matter accumulation, grain yield, straw yield, harvest index, and economic returns compared with the control. Among the treatments, 75% RDF + 1.25 t ha⁻¹ vermicompost + 20 kg ZnSO₄ ha⁻¹ + 5 kg Azotobacter ha⁻¹ (T₁₁) recorded the highest grain yield of 4856.40 kg ha⁻¹ and 4912.00 kg ha⁻¹ during 2024–25 and 2025–26, respectively. The same treatment also produced the highest net returns of ₹70,493 ha⁻¹ and ₹72,546 ha⁻¹ during the respective years. These findings indicate that the integrated application of 75% RDF, vermicompost, ZnSO₄, and Azotobacter can effectively enhance wheat productivity and profitability while reducing dependence on chemical fertilisers under the agro-climatic conditions of Punjab, India.
Prabhjot Kaur, Hemraj Meena· Journal of Applied Life Scie...· 0 citations
Integrated nutrient management, which combines organic and inorganic nutrient sources, is an important strategy for improving soil fertility and nutrient utilisation in sustainable agriculture. Effective nutrient management is particularly important for optimising wheat growth and yield. This study investigated the effects of farmyard manure (FYM), NPK consortia, and nano-urea, in combination with different proportions of the recommended dose of fertiliser (RDF), on wheat growth, yield, and nitrogen-use efficiency. The field experiment was conducted at KVK, Ghazipur, using a randomised block design with three replications. Nine treatments comprising different combinations of RDF, FYM, NPK consortia, and nano-urea were evaluated. Plant height, tiller density, grain and straw yields, and agronomic use efficiency (AUE) were measured at critical growth stages or at harvest. Data were analysed using analysis of variance, and treatment means were compared using the critical difference at the 5% probability level. Nutrient management significantly affected plant height, and T4 (100% RDF + FYM) produced the greatest height at all stages, reaching 87.8 cm at harvest. T4 also recorded the highest tiller density at 60 DAS (106.8 m⁻¹ row length) and harvest (69.8 m⁻¹ row length), grain yield (6.20 t/ha), straw yield (7.60 t/ha), and AUE (17.5 kg grain/kg N). T6 produced the second-highest grain yield (5.72 t/ha), while T7 outperformed T2. Overall, combining 100% RDF with FYM improved wheat growth, yield, and nitrogen-use efficiency.
A. Rai, Mayank Chauhan, V. Dixit et al.· Journal of Scientific Resear...· 0 citations
Although nutrient management plays a crucial role in determining the productivity of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), comparative information on the effectiveness of organic and inorganic nutrient sources under local conditions is still scarce. A field experiment was conducted during the 2024, Rabi season at Khairahani, Chitwan, to evaluate the effects of different nutrient sources on growth, yield, and profitability of barley var. Mustangey Jau. Using a randomized complete block design with five treatments-controls, chemical fertilizer NPK, poultry manure, farmyard manure, and vermicompost-each replicated four times, significant differences were observed in plant height, leaf area index, effective tillers, and grain yield. NPK fertilizer produced the highest plant height (94.80 cm), leaf area index (0.18), effective tillers (6.52), and grain yield (1.69 t/ha), followed by poultry manure and vermicompost. Organic sources improved growth over the control but yielded less than NPK. Economic analysis showed NPK achieved the highest net return and benefit-cost ratio (2.19), followed by poultry manure (1.34). Therefore, the application of recommended NPK fertilizer is suggested for maximizing barley yield and profitability, while poultry manure can be considered as a suitable organic alternative for improving productivity compared with other organic sources.
A. Gaire, Anugya Dawadi, Sulochana Aryal· Journal of Plant Resources· 0 citations
