TL;DR
Through the modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, probiotic usage may also expand opportunities for the development of potential vaccine enhancers in veterinary medicine, including immunostimulation.
The evidence indicates that probiotics are best regarded as a fundamental background component of fish health and biosecurity programs, whose effectiveness is strongly dependent on strain identity, host species, husbandry conditions and rigorous validation under controlled and production settings.
The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), growing concerns regarding antimicrobial residues, and restrictions on the use of antibiotic growth promoters have intensified the search for safe and sustainable alternatives in animal production. Among the diverse probiotic microorganisms investigated for t...
The widespread use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in livestock production has contributed to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pathogens. Furthermore, improper dosing and insufficient withdrawal periods lead to the presence of antibiotic residues in meat, posing significant risks to human health...
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are an encouraging probiotic option to antibiotics in treating typical bovine diseases, including but not limited to, mastitis, inflammatory bowel disease, diarrhea, and endometritis. The review discusses the therapeutic mechanisms of LAB in a systematic manner including competitive exclusion...
This narrative review provides an integrated overview of current knowledge on probiotic functionality, highlights emerging therapeutic opportunities, and identifies key research gaps that should be addressed to support evidence‐based probiotic use.
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