A Cyber Range Evaluation of Autonomous Network Incident Response Agents
Jakob NybergTeodor SommestadAndrei BuhaiuJoakim LoxdalPontus JohnsonMathias Ekstedt
Sep 2026
Artificial IntelligenceCybersecurity
Abstract
We test the performance of agents for automated network intrusion response in a cyber range intended for human operator training. The range implements an emulated networking environment with a variable network topology, red-team emulation and simulated user agents. The goal of the defensive agents is to prevent hosts in the network from being accessed by the red-team agent, while minimizing the availability costs induced from defensive measures. Alerts are generated using a SIEM platform and mapped to a data modeling language used by the agents. We test a combination of heuristic agents and policies learned using reinforcement learning. The learned policies are optimized to minimize the combined cost using a cyber attack simulator modeling the network. We found that the reinforcement learning agents were overall more efficient at defending the system than the heuristic policy, and that the performance depends highly on the policy of the adversary in combination with the simulated users.
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