In the future, MRI is expected to achieve breakthroughs by combining artificial intelligence, developing new contrast agents, and upgrading hardware, further expanding its applications in the medical field.
Human structural imaging methods such as Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are essential to modern clinical medicine. These non-invasive tools allow doctors to clearly observe hidden internal organs, bones, and soft tissues, greatly improving diagnosis rate and survival rate. Detailed structural scans also support personalized treatment: surgeons use reconstructed images to plan precise surgery and avoid damaging vital tissues, while radiotherapists pinpoint lesions and limit damage to healthy areas. Serial image comparison can objectively track the development of the disease and treatment results, so that the plan can be adjusted in time. Ultra-weak magnetic field imaging is an emerging medical functional information imaging method. It detects the magnetic field of human body through shielding the earth’s magnetic field. The magnetic field of human organs is extremely weak, so the quality requirements for ultra-weak magnetic medical equipment are extremely high. This paper introduces the applicability and other aspects of ultra-weak magnetic field imaging, highlighting its advantages over traditional medical imaging methods. Finally, the future development prospect of ultra-weak magnetic field imaging is proposed and its importance in safeguarding human health is emphasized.
Unknown authors· International Journal of Pub...· 0 citations
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become the gold standard for evaluating brain injury and development in newborn infants, providing structural, metabolic, and functional information without ionizing radiation. This review comprehensively examines the principal MRI modalities used in current neonatal neuroimaging for a novice/intermediate-level reader—including conventional T1- and T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), volumetric analysis, arterial spin labeling (ASL), and functional connectivity MRI—with particular attention to their applications in preterm and term populations. Additionally, validated MRI scoring systems for quantifying brain injury severity and predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes are reviewed and summarized. Understanding the technical principles, clinical applications, and limitations of these modalities is essential for optimal interpretation of neonatal brain MRI, and for advancing prognostication and therapeutic decision-making in this vulnerable population.
ABSTRACT Hyperpolarized MRI is a medical imaging technology that has been used so far only in focused clinical studies. This technology enables metabolic imaging without ionizing radiation and is combined with standard‐of‐care MRI protocols. Unlike metabolic imaging performed with radiolabeled materials (e.g., PET and SPECT), hyperpolarized MRI enables differentiation between the injected metabolic substrate and its product(s). In this way, the number of imaging contrasts that may be attained is relatively large. The purpose of this review is two‐fold: to provide coherent terminology for the various contrasts obtained in HP‐MRI to facilitate further development in medicine and to highlight its potential contribution to liver nodule characterization. We reviewed 33 hyperpolarized MRI papers published from 2013 to 2024 that describe clinical studies in human subjects and patients, and characterized the metabolic contrast provided by this technology across various organs and in cancer tumors. We have further reviewed 20 preclinical studies of hyperpolarized MRI in the liver to evaluate the potential of this technology for early detection and characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma. Most clinical studies have used a single hyperpolarized substrate, namely, pyruvate, labeled with carbon‐13 at position 1 ([1‐13C]pyruvate). Even with this single substrate, the number of possible imaging contrasts is high, making the interpretation of these images challenging. We aimed to explain these imaging contrasts and provide a consistent nomenclature for them that will serve the medical community. Preclinical MRI studies using hyperpolarized substrates suggest the potential to characterize liver nodules in patients. In summary, hyperpolarized MRI is a promising clinical imaging modality in oncology; however, the small number of patients investigated so far precludes addressing possible biological confounding factors. Further studies are required for improving tumor characterization using this technology, and studies in liver imaging aimed at early detection of HCC are warranted.
N. Lev-Cohain, Jacob Sosna, R. Katz-Brull· NMR in Biomedicine· 0 citations
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has progressed from a research tool for mapping human brain activity into a proven constituent of clinical imaging. By exploiting the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal, fMRI offers a non-invasive means of localizing eloquent cortex, characterizing functional networks, and assessing disease related changes in brain function. Its most wise clinical role is presurgical mapping in patients going through resection of brain tumors or epileptogenic foci, where it reduces dependence on invasive procedure such as Wada test and intraoperative cortical stimulation. Developing applications extend to stroke recovery, neurodegenerative disease, psychiatric and pain disorders, increased backing by resting-state fmri, artificial intelligence-based analysis and multimodal imaging. This review condenses the physiological principles underlying fMRI, its acquisition and analysis techniques, its principle clinical applications, the role of the MRI technologist in delivering a diagnostic quality scan, and current restrictions and future directions relevant to trainee radiologists.
The recent developments in ultra-low-field brain MRI are reviewed, which enable imaging in open environments and demonstrate initial clinical applicability in point-of-care settings, and future developments are envisioned to address the current limitations of image quality and contrast in ultra-low-field brain MRI systems.
Ed X. Wu, Yujiao Zhao, Yilong Liu et al.· Stroke· 1 citation
Despite ongoing challenges related to standardization, acquisition time, multicenter reproducibility, and clinical implementation, quantitative MRI is expected to become an integral component of routine musculoskeletal and neuroimaging practice.
Shubhanshi Rani, Dr. Vijay Kishor Chakravarti, Anjali Raghav et al.· Genetics and Molecular Resea...· 0 citations