A PRISMA-based Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare, its Applications and Challenges

Abstract

The field of healthcare is undergoing transformation due to the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in offering new solutions in different spheres. The healthcare industry is experiencing a paradigm shift in its history, and AI advances have the potential to transform patient care, diagnosis, treatment and administration entirely. The applications of AI are manifold and dynamic. Some of the uses of AI in healthcare are discussed, including drug discovery, medical imaging, personalized medicine, disease diagnosis, and patient care. We also consider subdomains of these applications, such as robotic surgery, virtual health aides, and predictive analytics. The paper is the review of AI applications in healthcare areas, including taxonomies, techniques, applications and challenges. It presents an ordered taxonomy of AI methods like machine learning, deep learning, IoT and blockchain, and shows their revolutionary effect. In addition, the healthcare AI technologies reviewed are evaluated for their level of maturity, implementation, and readiness for clinical use through the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) framework. The challenges related to the prospect of AI application in healthcare, such as data privacy, algorithm bias, non-standardization of their application, and ethical concerns are presented critically.