2022· International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation· 0 citations
TL;DR
The study concludes that trustworthy digital participation depends on the integration of technical safeguards, enforceable rights, organisational culture, and transparent governance, and recommends embedding security and privacy by design, strengthening incident preparedness, improving workforce competence, enhancing regulatory cooperation, and adopting measurable accountability mechanisms.
Abstract
This review examines the evolving relationship between information security and data privacy within increasingly interconnected digital ecosystems. Its purpose is to clarify how technological architectures, institutional arrangements, legal frameworks, organisational practices, and human behaviour collectively shape the protection of information, personal data, and digital trust. A structured narrative review approach was adopted, synthesising peer-reviewed scholarship, authoritative standards, regulatory analyses, and selected studies from developed and developing contexts, including Nigeria and other African economies. The synthesis was organised thematically to identify findings, unresolved tensions, and research priorities.
The findings show that contemporary digital ecosystems have moved beyond bounded organisational systems toward platform-based, cloud-enabled, data-intensive, and cyber-physical environments characterised by distributed actors, complex data flows, and shared dependencies. Core security and privacy principles remain essential, but their effective application now requires identity assurance, zero-trust controls, privacy-enhancing technologies, lifecycle data governance, accountable platform design, and coordinated risk ownership. The review also identifies persistent threats arising from ransomware, phishing, insider behaviour, cloud misconfiguration, software supply chains, re-identification, adversarial artificial intelligence, and regulatory fragmentation. Legal protections have expanded internationally, yet disparities in enforcement capacity, institutional maturity, and cross-border coordination continue to limit consistent protection.
The study concludes that trustworthy digital participation depends on the integration of technical safeguards, enforceable rights, organisational culture, and transparent governance. It recommends embedding security and privacy by design, strengthening incident preparedness, improving workforce competence, enhancing regulatory cooperation, and adopting measurable accountability mechanisms. Future research should prioritise explainable security analytics, post-quantum migration, decentralised identity, privacy-preserving computation, cyber-physical resilience, and context-sensitive frameworks capable of addressing the distinctive infrastructural and institutional realities of African digital ecosystems.
Digital Identity Systems (DIS) have emerged as transformative infrastructures that reshape interactions between citizens and the state by influencing access to public services, privacy protection, and governmental capacity. This study examines the relationship between Digital Identity Systems and three interconnected outcomes: privacy, accessibility, and state capacity. It explores how the design, governance structures, and implementation strategies of DIS determine their ability to promote inclusive service delivery while safeguarding individual rights. Drawing on comparative perspectives from countries including Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, India, and other global contexts, the study highlights variations in digital identity approaches and their implications for governance. While DIS can enhance administrative efficiency, reduce fraud, improve accountability, and expand access to essential services, they also create significant risks related to surveillance, data misuse, exclusion, and weakened individual autonomy. The analysis demonstrates that effective digital identity governance requires balancing state interests with citizens’ privacy rights through strong regulatory frameworks, transparent data practices, inclusive design, digital literacy initiatives, and accountable oversight mechanisms. The study argues that Digital Identity Systems should not be evaluated solely as technological tools but as socio-political infrastructures that influence state–citizen relationships. Sustainable and equitable digital identity ecosystems depend on privacy-preserving architectures, interoperability, citizen empowerment, and policies that address inequalities in access and participation.
Keywords: Digital Identity Systems, Privacy and Data Governance, Digital Inclusion, State Capacity, and Citizen Access and Accountability.
Kabiga Chelule Kwemoi· NEWPORT INTERNATIONAL JOURNA...· 0 citations
This study investigates the integration of privacy-by-design principles within critical infrastructure systems, emphasizing governance frameworks that align regulatory compliance, cybersecurity resilience, and technical system design.
Babatunde Ogunsipe· International Journal of Inn...· 0 citations
The study concludes that enterprises should treat automation and data governance as an integrated strategic agenda rather than as separate technical initiatives and recommends governance-by-design, phased implementation, workforce reskilling, periodic maturity and impact assessments, stronger model and data inventories, and independent assurance for high-risk systems.
Bisola AkejuQ, Ayokunle Olamide Ijagbemi, Shalom Alugwe· International Journal of Mul...· 0 citations
At present, in the age of digital transformation, it has become an integral part of the organization's growth, innovation, and competitiveness in the current service-oriented industries. This research investigates the changing landscape of information systems, artificial intelligence (AI), risk management, ethical governance, and new technologies that influence digital transformation initiatives today. The study also explores some of the challenges of digital transformation, such as cybersecurity threats, data privacy concerns, algorithmic bias, regulatory compliance, and governance complexity. The need for robust risk management frameworks, ongoing monitoring processes, and institutionally robust governance practices is highlighted as a key element for ensuring the responsible use of AI technologies. Ethical AI principles such as transparency, accountability, fairness, protection of privacy, and respect for rights are emphasized, as they are essential to ensure broader stakeholder trust and sustainable innovation. Banking, healthcare, retail, financial services, and manufacturing organizations have all successfully been able to use digital technologies to advance service delivery, operational performance, and customer experiences through case studies. Further, the study identifies trends for the future, including those of Industry 4.0 technologies, big data analytics, blockchain, cloud computing, Internet of Things (IoT) applications, and intelligent automation, all of which will help drive digital transformation. The results showed that digital transformation is a challenge that will demand a comprehensive approach that combines technology with good governance, risk management, ethical responsibility, and organizational flexibility.
Belal Hossen· International journal of app...· 0 citations
Digital preservation is often framed as a technical archival problem, yet the governance choices surrounding it carry direct consequences for information security and data privacy. This study draws on qualitative case-study data from a Ghanaian educational institution to examine how the absence of enforced legal and regulatory frameworks for digitized records shapes user authentication practices, data security, and privacy outcomes in a live school management information system. Twenty-five stakeholders, including parents, teachers, facilitators, and administrators, were interviewed about their experiences with user access, authentication, and data handling. Findings show that authentication mechanisms, including unique login credentials, QR-code verification, and digital signatures, were valued by users primarily as privacy safeguards, and that stakeholders explicitly requested encryption and non-disclosure of data to third parties, despite the absence of a specific institutional data-protection policy referencing Ghana’s regulatory framework. The findings are discussed in relation to Ghana’s Data Protection Act, 2012, and the Public Records and Archives Administration Act, 1997, alongside the growing role of artificial-intelligence-assisted compliance monitoring and cloud security posture management. The study concludes that in resource-constrained institutional settings, privacy protection is being improvised by end users and administrators in the absence of formal governance, a pattern with implications for institutions well beyond the case examined here.
A. Asante, Kwaku Boamah, Ranjith Kumar Patil· International Journal of Sci...· 0 citations
This study examines how universities can govern cybersecurity, privacy, and healthcare information within increasingly interconnected digital environments. Its purpose is to clarify how ISO/IEC 27001, the General Data Protection Regulation, and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act can be aligned without obscuring their distinct legal and operational requirements. A structured narrative review was undertaken using peer-reviewed literature, recognised standards, regulatory guidance, and relevant institutional studies published up to 2023. The analysis focused on smart campus architecture, data flows, cyber-risk exposure, information security management, privacy accountability, healthcare data protection, regulatory interoperability, governance barriers, and emerging technologies.
The findings indicate that ISO/IEC 27001 provides an effective institutional backbone for risk management, leadership accountability, control assurance, and continual improvement. However, GDPR introduces broader obligations relating to lawful processing, transparency, data-subject rights, and privacy by design, while HIPAA imposes specialised safeguards for protected health information within covered university healthcare functions. Significant convergence exists in access control, incident response, supplier oversight, documentation, workforce training, and continuous monitoring, yet divergence remains in legal scope, enforcement, individual rights, and breach obligations. The review further identifies fragmented authority, legacy infrastructure, shadow systems, cross-border processing, third-party dependence, and emerging technologies as major governance challenges.
The study concludes that universities require a layered, integrated governance model rather than separate compliance silos. It recommends multidisciplinary oversight, harmonised control catalogues, precise data classification, Zero Trust access, privacy and security by design, recurring impact assessments, supplier accountability, and measurable assurance. It also emphasises ethical governance of artificial intelligence, analytics, and connected infrastructure. Future research should empirically evaluate integrated models across jurisdictions, institutional types, and resource-constrained settings.
Dominic Feboh, Ayokunle Olamide Ijagbemi, Stanley Nwakamma et al.· International Journal of Mul...· 0 citations