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Open access Aug 2026

Fading Attention and the Pricing of Default Risk in the German Market for Structured Products

Structured retail products are unsecured bonds subject to the default risk of the issuer. We analyze the price‐setting policy of issuers with respect to this default risk. Using a long‐term data set of discount certificates in the German market, we apply a time series IVX‐approach to find that (i) quoted prices do de...

R. Baule, Falk Jensen · 0 citations
Conference Open access 2026

A Theoretical Analysis of Implied Volatility and Its Determinants under the Black-Scholes Framework

: Options have become indispensable instruments for both risk management and speculation, with volatility serving as a fundamental input in pricing structures. While Historical Volatility (HV) relies on past returns, it is inherently backward-looking and fails to reflect forward-looking market expectations, investor se...

Guangsirui Zhai · 0 citations
Open access Aug 2026

Welfare Cost of Business Cycle and the Dynamics of Consumption Variance

Abstract This paper investigates the welfare cost of business cycles in the U.S. economy over the period 1959–2019. In contrast to the existing literature, we allow for both structural breaks in the unconditional variance of consumption shocks and conditional heteroskedasticity. Our results provide strong evidence of s...

Fernando A. Barros, Fábio A. R. Gomes, A. R. Macedo · 0 citations

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