This study aims to examine the supply chain mapping, key problems, and cost-benefit ratio analysis of banana farming in Morang district. This is a mixed-methods descriptive research design using a deductive approach. The respondents selected for this study are aged 18-65 years and are from different professions. The major occupation of these respondents is real farmers (76.6%), and 23.4% are in other services, including teachers, businessmen, and service holders. A survey was conducted with a representative sample of 300 banana growers, including both males and females. The sample was selected using the convenience sampling technique. Required information for the study was collected primarily from primary data sources. Various statistical tools were used to analyze and interpret the data, which enabled the researcher to carry out this research work. Findings indicate that farmers from each Bigha earn an average income of Rs. 347000, with an average annual cost of Rs. 108000. Quality and commercial banana farming could bring immense opportunities for the prosperity and happiness of banana growers in the study area. To enhance production, key problems faced by farmers should be addressed. Also, they need to be encouraged by providing support, grants, subsidies, and other facilities. Government, concerned ministries and departments that serve as guardians, should promote policies, programs, and plans that benefit real and small-scale farmers.
The present study was undertaken to analyse the factors influencing farmers’ purchase decisions and the problems faced in the purchase of farm implements in the Kachchh district of Gujarat. A descriptive research design was adopted, and primary data were collected from 200 tractor-owning farmers selected purposively from 20 villages across Anjar, Bhuj, Bhachau, and Mundra talukas from December 2025 to March 2026. Secondary data were obtained from published reports and official sources. Percentage and tabular analyses were employed to examine the socio-economic characteristics of farmers and the ownership pattern of tractors and farm implements, while the Weighted Average Mean (WAM) technique was used to identify key purchase factors, influential promotional tools and major constraints. The findings revealed that the majority of farmers were middle-aged, belonged to small and marginal farm categories and possessed moderate levels of income. Ownership of farm implements was largely concentrated in primary and secondary tillage implements. Price/affordability, durability and field performance emerged as the most critical purchase attributes, while field demonstrations, word of mouth and dealer recommendations were the most effective promotional tools. High initial cost, lack of finance and high repair and operating costs were the most severe constraints. The study concludes that improving access to institutional credit, strengthening after-sales support services and promoting demonstration-based extension activities can facilitate wider adoption of farm implements and enhance the level of farm mechanisation in the region.
Limited knowledge and awareness on green procurement policies among procurement officers, end users, and suppliers constitute obstacles to its effective implementation. The study investigates the relationship between product life cycle monitoring and real- time data sharing in Nigerian Maritime University. The total population of the study comprised of 1,252 employees, and sample size was determined using taro Yamane formula and calculated as 303. The study employed a descriptive survey research design, and a stratified random sampling technique in the distribution of the survey to ensure optimum allocation of survey to each stratum. The study population includes: procurement officers, internal auditors, logistics managers, administrative staff, and heads of departments. Out of 303 questionnaires distributed only 281 were returned and utilized while the remaining 22 were not returned and utilized for the study. Statistical tools such as descriptive, inferential statistics, and linear regression were used to analyze the hypotheses at 5 % significant level. The findings showed that the combined use of life cycle assessment and real-time visibility has a significant impact on better organizational and environmental performance. The study recommend that university management should organize regular training programmes to improve skill development of lecturers, researchers, technical staff, and students on LCA software (e.g., SimaPro, OpenLCA, GaBi) and real-time visibility technologies.
Dairy farming is considered an ideal alternative source of income for marginal and small farmers in India. This study examined the factors influencing milk production and the distribution pattern among sample farmers in the Tal area of Bihar. Using simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWoR), 90 dairy farmers were selected for primary data collection in 2022. Cost and return concepts were used to analyse the data, the Cobb-Douglas production function was applied to examine the factors affecting milk production, and Garrett’s ranking technique was used to identify milk-marketing constraints. The annual value of milk sold by the sample farmers was Rs. 85,040, with a return-to-cost ratio of 1.39. The Cobb-Douglas analysis indicated that dry fodder, concentrate, and veterinary charges were important factors affecting milk production. The coefficient for green fodder was negative, possibly because monocropping is practised only during the rabi season and green fodder is limited during seasonal flooding. Because milk is highly perishable, reliable marketing arrangements are required for its disposal. Of the overall marketed surplus of 21.13 litres, 26.41% was marketed through the organised sector and 73.59% through the unorganised sector. The principal constraints were low milk prices, delayed payments, green-fodder shortages caused by flooding, inadequate transport, and limited market information. The State Government has implemented various schemes to support farmers and small enterprises and strengthen livelihood security in Bihar.
This study determined the financial management practices and business profitability of sugarcane farmers and examined differences in these variables according to selected farmer profiles. A quantitative descriptive-comparative research design was employed. Data were gathered from 100 sugarcane farmers selected through convenience sampling using a researcher-made structured questionnaire. The instrument demonstrated strong content validity and excellent internal consistency. Data were analyzed using frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, Mann–Whitney U test, and Kruskal–Wallis H test. The findings showed that most respondents were 41–60 years old (53%), male (76%), had 11–20 years of farming experience (51%), and operated more than 10 hectares (46%). Financial management practices were rated Very High (M = 4.35, SD = 0.57), with Financial Planning and Budgeting and Record Keeping obtaining the highest means (M = 4.41). Business profitability was rated High (M = 4.17, SD = 0.69), with Cost Efficiency obtaining the highest mean (M = 4.28). Significant differences in financial management practices were found according to sex and farm size, while business profitability differed significantly according to sex. No significant differences were found according to age and years in farming for financial management practices, or according to age, years in farming, and farm size for business profitability. These findings indicate that farmers generally practice sound financial management and maintain a favorable level of profitability. The results also suggest that differences in financial management practices and profitability may be associated with selected characteristics of farmers and their farming operations. Strengthening financial planning, record keeping, cash and credit management, and cost control may further support the sustainability and profitability of sugarcane farming enterprises.