Unique Advantages of Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Wearable and Implantable Electronics
TL;DR
This review synthesizes advancements in TENGs, encompassing architectural diversity, ultra‐high sensitivity to subtle mechanical deformations, innovations in chip‐less self‐powered wireless sensing and non‐contact perception, alongside triboelectric encoders to ensure high‐precision and stable wearable sensing.
Abstract
The evolution of wearable and implantable electronics has redefined human‐machine interaction and clinical diagnostics. However, critical bottlenecks, including sensor performance, interfacial adaptation, and sustainable energy supply, etc., continue to hinder their widespread practical integration. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as a promising platform, leveraging their unique working mechanism, inherent material universality, and self‐powered capabilities. This review synthesizes advancements in TENGs, encompassing architectural diversity, ultra‐high sensitivity to subtle mechanical deformations, innovations in chip‐less self‐powered wireless sensing and non‐contact perception, alongside triboelectric encoders to ensure high‐precision and stable wearable sensing. Furthermore, the frontiers of active bio‐interfacial interventions, including precision neuromodulation and therapeutic electrocatalysis, are explored. This review aims to provide an in‐depth summary of TENGs' unique properties and advantages, thereby facilitating the transition of wearable/implantable electronics from laboratory prototypes to commercial products.