Monitoring and Analysis of Human Biomechanical Signals Based on Flexible Wearable Sensors: Opportunities and Challenges

Abstract

With the growing demand for precision medicine and health monitoring, flexible wearable tactile/pressure sensors have become a key technology for capturing human biomechanical and physiological signals. This paper aims to provide a systematic review of the latest research advances, application scenarios, and challenges. First, this paper describes mainstream sensing mechanisms such as piezoresistive, capacitive, triboelectric, and piezoelectric types and delves into the mechanisms by which nanocomposites—such as carbon‐based conductive nanomaterials (carbon nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, etc.) and two‐dimensional conductive materials (MXene, graphene, etc.)—along with biomimetic microstructure designs, enhance sensor sensitivity, linearity, and detection range. Subsequently, the paper focuses on the application in capturing multiscale biomechanical signals from the human body, including weak physiological pulses (such as epidermal arterial pulses) and respiratory rates and large‐scale gait phases and limb joint movements. For specific application scenarios, the paper also discusses encapsulation and implantation strategies for intraocular pressure and intracranial pressure monitoring. Finally, this paper identifies key scientific issues and challenges currently facing the field, such as motion artifacts, long‐term biocompatibility stability, and multimodal data fusion, and outlines future development directions for intelligent, self‐powered, and self‐healing flexible sensor, aiming to provide theoretical support for the clinical translation of smart wearable devices.