Both gill and liver exhibited pronounced enrichment of lipid metabolism–related pathways—including steroid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and fat digestion and absorption—accompanied by extensive upregulation of these genes, which are tightly associated with activation of the PPAR signaling pathway.
Prolonged starvation in T. rosa involved coordinated temporal changes in metabolism, splenic function, and cellular maintenance, which revealed a coordinated temporal response involving metabolic adjustment, stage-dependent reorganization of splenic immune-related processes, and autophagy-associated cellular maintenance in T. rosa.
Simple Summary Low temperatures can strongly affect insect development, survival and physiological performance, particularly in species adapted to warm environments. Here, we characterized the responses of Tuta absoluta larvae after continuous exposure to three thermal regimes—25, 15 and 5 °C—for 7 days using integrated physiological, metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses. Our study shows that cold exposure disrupts feeding, digestive enzyme activity, energy storage and redox balance in T. absoluta larvae. Larvae exposed to lower temperatures showed reduced survival and growth performance, together with depleted glycogen reserves and weakened antioxidant defenses. Meanwhile, protective compounds such as trehalose and proline accumulated, suggesting a shift from normal growth metabolism toward stress protection. Molecular analyses further revealed changes in pathways associated with carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, energy production, oxidative stress, and development. Overall, the findings indicate that cold stress forces T. absoluta larvae to reallocate resources from growth and feeding toward survival. This work provides useful insight into the physiological and molecular basis of low-temperature sensitivity in an important agricultural pest.
Bo Feng, Chuanhong Feng, Zhihao Ling et al.· Biology· 0 citations
Heat stress negatively affects the growth and health of fish. In this study, Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) were exposed to control (18°C, CK) and heat stress (25°C, HS) conditions. Using liver transcriptomics and metabolomics in conjunction with physiological and biochemical indicators, we investigated the mechanisms underlying their thermal response. The results revealed that heat stress in P. fluviatilis led to liver cell damage, characterized by vacuolar degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration. Heat stress caused a fluctuating decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, a significant reduction in catalase (CAT) activity (p < 0.05) and a transient increase in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity at 24 h, followed by a sustained decrease. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content significantly increased in the later stages. Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity exhibited phase-specific oscillations, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content decreased overall, while lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity displayed complex time-dependent variations. In total, 536 significantly differentially expressed genes and 262 differentially abundant metabolites were identified through combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Integrated multi-omics analysis revealed that key pathways involved in the heat stress response include alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; purine metabolism; mitophagy; autophagy and apoptosis; cyclic guanosine monophosphate-protein kinase G (cGMP-PKG) signalling; oestrogen signalling; and lipid metabolism-associated pathways. These findings indicate that acute heat stress induces hepatic oxidative damage, energy-metabolism disturbance and multiomics alterations in P. fluviatilis. This study provides a basis for understanding the hepatic responses of temperate freshwater fish to elevated temperatures.
Si Chen, Jiayi Wang, Zhigang Zhao et al.· Journal of Fish Biology· 0 citations
It is suggested that Al3+ modulates S. baumii growth and metabolism in a dose-dependent manner, with redox remodeling as a potential mechanism, offering novel insights into fungal metal adaptation and the targeted modulation of medicinal metabolite production.
Xinyu Tong, Anxin Wang, Zeng-Ran Liu et al.· Journal of Fungi· 0 citations
Diatoms, as a vital component of marine ecosystems, face severe threats to their productivity and species composition due to increasing ocean temperatures. Although the effects of high temperatures on diatom growth and physiology have been thoroughly studied, the regulatory mechanisms in response to high temperature are still poorly understood. In this study, we identified Nudix hydrolases (Nudix) from the marine model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum as a key regulator of high temperature tolerance. We discovered that Nudix is a temperature-sensitive gene and its expression is induced by high-temperature. Under high-temperature stress, overexpression of Nudix markedly reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and enhances ROS scavenging capacity, thereby decreasing lipid peroxidation and cell death rate to improve the high-temperature tolerance of P. tricornutum. Conversely, the silencing of Nudix induces excessive ROS production in P. tricornutum and reduces its high-temperature tolerance. Subcellular localization combined with the photosynthetic activity analyses further demonstrated that Nudix, localized in the chloroplast, prevents energetic electron accumulation and excessive reduction in the photosynthetic electron transport chain by increasing the electron transport rate, thereby suppressing ROS production at high-temperature stress. Collectively, our findings highlight the importance of Nudix in high-temperature tolerance of diatoms and provide insights into how marine diatoms acclimate to high temperature.
Ruihao Zhang, Yongliang Liu, Qi An et al.· Microorganisms· 0 citations
Thidiazuron (TDZ) is a synthetic growth regulator with cytokinin-like activity, widely used in biotechnology, but its physiological effects during the early stages of plant development are not yet fully understood. In this study, the impact of increasing concentrations of TDZ on the germination and early development of Arabidopsis thaliana was evaluated, with particular attention to physiological responses and their dose-dependent patterns. Seeds of the Col-0 ecotype were germinated in the presence of TDZ and analyzed using integrated approaches including morphological observations, photosynthetic efficiency measurements, and metabolic and hormonal profile analysis. The results show that low concentrations of TDZ do not significantly alter the main physiological parameters, while higher doses induce progressive alterations in cotyledon vascular pattern, hormonal imbalances, and a reduction in photosynthetic efficiency, indicating a functional impairment. Transcriptomic analysis revealed coordinated modulation of genes involved in hormonal regulation, energy metabolism, and stress responses, consistent with the observed phenotypes. Overall, the study demonstrates that TDZ exerts distinct and highly dose-dependent physiological effects, delineating a continuum ranging from responses compatible with normal development to those indicative of impaired development to conditions of physiological stress, and providing useful insights for a critical assessment of the benefits and risks associated with the use of this compound.
Eva Campo, F. de Marchi, Giulia Giovanna Salerno et al.· Plant physiology and biochem...· 0 citations