Synoptic drivers of extreme precipitation in the western black Sea Region: a cluster-based classification (1995–2024)

Identification and Correction of Atypical Extreme Heavy Rainfall over the Guangzhou–Foshan Megacity Cluster Based on Key Circulation Factor Clustering

This study investigates the relationship between key circulation factors and ensemble forecast uncertainty during an atypical extreme heavy-rainfall event under weak synoptic forcing that affected the Guangzhou–Foshan megacity cluster in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) on 8 September 2022. Here, “atypical” refers to a loca...

Shifting Patterns of Precipitation Extremes in the S outheast A tlantic Basin— B razil: From Observed Trends to Future Projections

Understanding the variability and evolution of precipitation extremes associated with climate change is essential to support adaptation strategies, risk management, and civil protection. In this context, this study investigates the climatology, observed trends, and future projections of precipitation extremes in the...

Relationship of tropical cyclone wind-field and cloud-band metrics with extreme rainfall events over Mexico

Tropical cyclones (TCs) are the most important hydrometeorological phenomena affecting Mexico, accounting for approximately 86.5% of the country’s most costly disasters, where extreme rainfall is the main TC-associated hazard. This study analyzes two TC size metrics during the 2000–2024 period: R34, defined as the mean...

An observational perspective on extreme precipitation indices over the mountainous regions of Northwest Himalaya

The Northwest Himalaya region is highly susceptible to extreme rainfall events due to its steep topography and complex climatic variability, which can trigger significant hydro-meteorological hazards, including heavy snowfall, hailstorms, floods, and droughts. The erratic precipitation patterns, both in the short and l...

Multiscale diagnosis of extreme precipitation over complex terrain in the western part of northern Xinjiang by integrating weather typing and dynamical downscaling

Synoptic circulation patterns of snowy days in the southwestern coast of the Caspian Sea and analysis of their vertical structure in different atmospheric levels