Biomimetic Nanocarriers for Glioblastoma Therapy: Translational Advances and Strategic Challenges
TL;DR
This review highlights recent BNPs advances, targeting strategies, and limitations, while exploring integration with immunotherapy and gene therapy to enable more personalized, effective GBM treatment approaches.
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common brain tumor, highly resistant to conventional treatment, largely due to the blood brain barrier (BBB) limiting effective drug delivery. Biomimetic nanoparticles (BNPs) offer a promising therapeutic approach by mimicking biological structures to improve drug stability, BBB penetration, and tumorspecific targeting while reducing systemic toxicity. BNPs can be engineered from diverse biomaterials, including cell membranes, liposomes, and polymeric systems. Preclinical and early clinical studies show BNPs enhance drug bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. However, challenges remain stability, immunogenicity, regulatory approval, and scalable production hindering clinical translation. This review highlights recent BNPs advances, targeting strategies, and limitations, while exploring integration with immunotherapy and gene therapy to enable more personalized, effective GBM treatment approaches.