Amaranthaceae microgreens: A sustainable source of phytonutrients and bioactive compounds

Abstract

Microgreens, often referred to as "vegetable confetti," are early-stage edible seedlings derived from a wide range of vegetables, grains and herbs. In recent years, they have gained considerable attention due to their remarkable nutritional value and rich bioactive profile. This review focuses on Amaranthaceae microgreens, highlighting their cultivation techniques, nutritional composition, bioactive constituents and associated health benefits. Amaranthaceae microgreens, including species such as Amaranthus cruentus L., Chenopodium quinoa Willd., Beta vulgaris L. and Spinacia oleracea L., are rich in essential vitamins and minerals such as calcium, magnesium, potassium and iron. They also contain diverse bioactive compounds, including phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, betalains and anthocyanins, many of which exhibit strong antioxidant activity. These compounds contribute to multiple health-promoting effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Cultivation methods, such as soil-based systems, hydroponics and controlled-environment agriculture, significantly influence the growth, yield and phytochemical composition. Optimisation of factors such as light spectrum, photoperiod and nutrient supply enhances biomass production and bioactive compound accumulation. Overall, Amaranthaceae microgreens show strong potential as sustainable functional foods for improving human health and addressing global food security challenges.