Jan 2026· AIDS Research and Treatment· Vol 2026· 0 citations· 43 references
Medicine
TL;DR
Dyslipidemia was prevalent among approximately two in three HIV‐positive patients receiving long‐term ART at two tertiary hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, highlighting the need for routine lipid monitoring and integrated cardiovascular risk management within HIV care settings in similar urban, tertiary‐care contexts.
Abstract
Background Dyslipidemia is a common metabolic complication among people living with HIV and a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, it remains insufficiently characterized in Ethiopia, particularly in contemporary urban ART settings. Methods We conducted a facility‐based cross‐sectional study among 398 patients selected by systematic random sampling from November 1 to December 31, 2025. Data were collected using a structured data collection tool, entered into KoboToolbox, and analyzed in SPSS Version 27. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with dyslipidemia. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The median age of participants was 50 years (IQR: 42–56), and 66.8% (n = 266) were female. The median duration since HIV diagnosis was 19 years (IQR: 15–20). Predominant regimens included TDF+3TC+ DTG (72.8%). The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 65.3% (95% CI: 60.5–70.1), with elevated triglycerides (37.2%), total cholesterol (34.7%), high LDL‐C (34.2%), and low HDL‐C (28.1%). On multivariable analysis, dyslipidemia was significantly associated with history of ART change (AOR 2.62, 95% CI: 1.13–6.04), hypertension (AOR 2.45, 95% CI: 1.28–4.69), overweight (AOR 3.56, 95% CI: 1.44–8.81), obesity (AOR 5.15, 95% CI: 1.16–22.82), and sedentary and moderate physical activity (AOR 9.46, 95% CI: 2.46–36.32 and AOR 3.80, 95% CI: 1.77–8.18, respectively). Conclusion Dyslipidemia was prevalent among approximately two in three HIV‐positive patients receiving long‐term ART at two tertiary hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. These findings highlight the need for routine lipid monitoring and integrated cardiovascular risk management within HIV care settings in similar urban, tertiary‐care contexts.
BACKGROUND
Hyperuricemia is an emerging metabolic complication among people living with HIV in the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART), yet evidence from sub-Saharan Africa remains limited.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted at the LRRH Infectious Disease Centre between December 2024 and March 2025. A total of 385 adults living with HIV were selected using systematic sampling. Data were collected on sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral, and biochemical variables through interviews, physical examination, and laboratory testing. Serum uric acid, lipid profile, creatinine, and blood pressure were measured. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid > 7.0 mg/dL in males and > 6.0 mg/dL in females. Logistic regression was used to identify associated factors. Cardiovascular risk was assessed using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS).
RESULTS
The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 21.8%. Significant predictors included comorbidities (AOR=2.16, 95% CI 1.18-3.97), elevated total cholesterol (AOR=1.79, 95% CI 1.02-3.14), overweight/obesity (AOR=4.92, 95% CI 2.73-8.84), elevated systolic blood pressure (AOR=2.12, 95% CI 1.18-3.82), and cigarette smoking (AOR=4.89, 95% CI 2.59-9.23). Hyperuricemia was significantly associated with high cardiovascular risk according to FRS classification (p<0.001).
CONCLUSION
Hyperuricemia is prevalent among adults living with HIV at LRRH and is strongly associated with modifiable cardiometabolic and behavioral risk factors. These findings support routine screening and integrated cardiovascular-metabolic management within HIV care services.
Fatima Ibrahim Nor, M. Jayte, Ezera Agwu et al.· AIDS Research and Therapy· 0 citations
High CD4 count was the risk factor for generalized obesity and female sex, being married and high CD4 count were risk factors for abdominal obesity among PLHIV.
Ramesh Masthi NR, Pruthvi S, Lavanya R et al.· National Journal of Communit...· 0 citations
Background: As the global roll-out of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) continues to improve survival, the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) poses new challenges to HIV care. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and predictors of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus among adult patients on ART in tertiary hospitals in Lagos State, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 416 adult PLHIV using a multistage sampling method. Data was obtained using a pre-tested structured questionnaire adapted from the World Health Organization (WHO) STEPS Instrument, in addition to anthropometric and biomedical measurements. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were done using IBM SPSS version 27.
Results: The majority of the respondents, 70.2% (n=292) were female, and 54.1% (n=225) married, with a mean age of 49.1±10.2 years. The prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes was 37.3%, 52.6%, and 7.2% respectively. More than 70% of the respondents had at least one NCD. Multivariate analysis revealed that the high-income earners had 2 times higher odds of being obese, compared with the low-income category (aOR=2.018, 95% CI: 1.244-3.273, p=0.004); and respondents in the oldest age-groups had 4 to 5 times higher odds of having hypertension, compared with the youngest age-group (aOR=4.185, 95% CI: 1.280-13.684, p=0.018) and (aOR=5.783, 95% CI: 1.692-19766, p=0.005).
Conclusion: NCDs were more prevalent among the patients on ART compared with the general population, as almost three-quarters had at least one NCD. This study suggests that age, income and vegetable consumption are predictors of NCDs among PLHIV.
O. Ekekezie, M. Odofin, F. Olatona· Tanzania Journal of Health R...· 0 citations
Mortality among PLHIV in this study was associated with advanced disease, opportunistic diseases, commorbidities and abnormal laboratory findings, and Strengthening early diagnosis, management of opportunistic infections, and monitoring of clinical and laboratory indicators may help reduce mortality in this population.
Faustus Ajamah, Jude Tsafack Zefack, Lucas Tanlaka Mengnjo et al.· World Journal of Advanced Re...· 0 citations
Background:
The study aimed to establish the factors associated with elevated ALT levels among HIV patients on HAART at Naguru Hospital in Kampala District.
Methodology:
The study utilized a cross-sectional design involving participants attending HIV care clinics. Data were collected through patient records, interviews, and laboratory investigations, including liver function tests and metabolic assessments. The prevalence of liver diseases and treatment-related adverse effects was determined. Statistical analysis was conducted to explore relationships between variables. Ethical considerations were observed by obtaining approval from relevant authorities and informed consent from participants, ensuring confidentiality and voluntary participation throughout the research process.
Results:
A total of 88 participants were included. Regarding age, the largest proportion of respondents were aged 21–40 years, accounting for 46 (52.3%). This was followed by those aged 41–60 years with 18 (20.4%), and respondents aged below 20 years who constituted 11 (12.5%). The least represented age group was those aged above 61 years, with 13 (14.8%). Most respondents were single (58, 65.9%), while 20 (22.7%) were married. A smaller proportion were divorced (8, 9.1%), and 2 (2.3%) were widowed. Lifestyle was local 53.7% (22/41), intermediate 29.3% (12/41), and modernized 17.0% (7/41). Co-infection was present in 85.4% (35/41), and alcohol use in 92.7% (38/41). Age distribution among elevated ALT cases was 7.3%, 68.3%, 19.5%, and 4.9%.
Conclusion:
Many factors were found to be associated with elevated ALT levels among HIV patients, and these included, but were not limited to: residential areas, lifestyle, co-infection, alcohol consumption, and age group.
Recommendation:
The Government of Uganda, together with the health service provider, should devise means to come up with drugs that counteract the effects of HART drugs, such as liver damage.
Hillary Kasadha, A. Ssekitoleko, Hasifa Nansereko et al.· SJ Public Health Africa· 0 citations
Objective This study aimed to identify determinants of late ART initiation among adults living with HIV in public health facilities of West Guji Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods Unmatched case–control study was conducted among 226 adults living with HIV (113 cases and 113 controls) selected by simple random sampling. Data was collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Multivariable logistic binary regression was used to identify determinants of late ART initiation. Results Late ART initiation was associated with inability to read and write (AOR = 6.21, 95% CI: 2.32–7.98), rural residence (AOR = 4.26, 95% CI: 1.23–14.74), fear of job loss (AOR = 8.43, 95% CI: 6.72–20.05), lack of family support (AOR = 7.28, 95% CI: 1.90–12.19), absence of intention to protect family members (AOR = 6.16, 95% CI: 4.15–12.97), visiting traditional healers (AOR = 5.24, 95% CI: 1.51–13.40), and contact with commercial sex workers (AOR =5.59, 95% CI: 4.07–13.80). Conclusions Delayed ART initiation was driven by interacting sociodemographic, psychosocial, and behavioral factors. Addressing social disadvantages, fear-related concerns, weak family support, and reliance on non-formal care pathways is essential to promote timely initiation of ART.
Atsedemariam Mamo, Melese Tikusie Tewoldie, Z. B. Mamo· Journal of the International...· 0 citations
