Rural Household Energy Consumption Towards Renewable Energy Transition Pathways in the Ecuadorian Andes

Abstract

This study analyses household energy consumption patterns and the main energy-related challenges in the rural communities of San Sebastián de Yuluc and Sumaypamba, Ecuador, within the framework of sustainable community energy planning. A quantitative descriptive approach was adopted, based on structured household surveys and statistical analyses using descriptive statistics, nonparametric correlations, and mean comparisons. The results show that electricity consumption in both communities remains below the national household average, while liquefied petroleum gas remains the dominant cooking energy source. Firewood is still used by a portion of households, whereas the adoption of active solar energy systems is practically non-existent. Significant differences in electricity consumption were identified across communities, as were heterogeneous consumption patterns associated with household equipment and living conditions. In Sumaypamba, a strong positive correlation was found between electricity and gas consumption, suggesting complementary rather than substitutive energy use. The findings reveal limited infrastructure, unequal access to modern energy technologies, and a persistent dependence on non-renewable fuels. These results provide evidence to inform local energy transition strategies focused on rural electrification, energy efficiency, and renewable microgeneration to improve energy access, sustainability, and community resilience.