Novel chitosan/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/propylene glycol hydrogel containing lyophilized amniotic membrane particles for wound healing: Synthesis and optimization.

Fabrication and characterisation of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/ethyl cellulose/polyvinylpyrrolidone based composite wafers as an anti-bacterial dressing: a promising approach for curcumin delivery

Wound healing is a complicated biological process primarily involving tissue regeneration and repair. However, conditions such as infection, poor blood circulation, or long-term illnesses/chronic diseases (like diabetes) can impede the healing process and cause delayed recovery. In order to address these challenges, authors developed wafers. The prepared wafers have emerged as a promising solution due to their ease of application, excellent biocompatibility, and ability to maintain a moist wound environment. These porous, sponge-like systems can also be loaded with bioactive agents, enabling sustained and controlled drug delivery. The wafer was fabricated using solvent casting method with polymeric mixture of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), ethyl cellulose (EC), and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP K-30) and loaded with curcumin to promote wound healing. The loaded curcumin was dispersed using a high-speed homogeniser and lyophilized in a controlled environment. The developed wafer formulation was further characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), tensile strength analysis, swelling index, and water vapour transmission rate. The in vitro drug release study was carried out mimicking USP 5 paddle-over-disc type dissolution apparatus and the results indicated that the created wafers have a sustained drug release while keeping the tissue moist. The anti-microbial potential of wafers was confirmed using the disc diffusion method. The developed wafer showed strong potential as an antibacterial wound dressing, providing controlled drug release along with fast-acting relief from bacterial infections.

Biopolymer-Based Hydrogels for Wound Healing: Advances in Cellulose, Chitosan, Alginate, and Hyaluronic Acid from Design to Clinical Translation

Wound healing is a multifaceted biological process comprising the phases of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, all of which require supportive microenvironment for optimal tissue regeneration. Biopolymer-based hydrogels, derived from materials such as cellulose and its derivatives, chitosan, alginate, and hyaluronic acid, have emerged as promising wound dressing materials due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, moisture-retention capacity, and potential to mimic the native extracellular matrix. The structural characteristics, wound healing functions, and underlying mechanisms of these biopolymers are critically examined and summarized in tabular form. The review further highlights the incorporation of natural and synthetic therapeutic agents, growth factors, stem-cell-derived products, and peptides into biopolymer matrices to enhance therapeutic efficacy. The examined research findings indicate significant increases in fluid intake, moisture retention, antibacterial activity, angiogenesis, collagen deposition, tissue regeneration, and wound healing rates. Translational difficulties, regulatory issues, clinical research, and new patent activity pertaining to advanced wound healing biomaterials are also covered in the review. Despite tremendous improvements, issues still exist in bulk manufacturing, long-term safety, reproducibility, mechanical stability, and clinical validation. Future innovations are anticipated to concentrate on smart, multipurpose, and customized hydrogel systems that can integrate drug delivery, biosensing, and regenerative capabilities while reacting dynamically to wound microenvironments. Overall, biopolymer-based hydrogels are a flexible, rapidly developing platform with significant promise to improve next-generation skin tissue engineering and change the treatment of both acute and chronic wounds.

Sustained Release and Therapeutic Evaluation of Simvastatin‐Loaded Bioglass–Chitosan Gel Formulation for Skin Regeneration and Wound Healing Potential

Findings suggest that the synthesized hydrogel (BSG‐CHI) provides a favorable microenvironment for tissue regeneration and wound management applications.

The Role of a Multifunctional Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel with Biofunctionalized Hyaluronic Acid and Asiaticoside-Loaded Niosomes in Wound Healing.

Stable hydrogel formation with favorable porous architecture, swelling behavior, thermal stability, and homogeneous distribution of nanovesicles was well established and exhibited excellent biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and enhanced cell-material interactions.

In Vitro Development and Characterization of a Chitosan/PVA/Starch Hydrogel Film Incorporating Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Syzygium cumini Extract: Physicochemical, Antimicrobial, and Cytocompatibility Evaluation

Synthesis of multifunctional hydrogels based on carboxymethyl cellulose for wound healing applications

Hydrogels derived from natural polymers are gaining attention in wound dressings due to their extracellular matrix–mimicking structures and tunable properties. In this study, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) based hydrogels were developed via graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC), with varying DADMAC content, to obtain multifunctional wound healing materials. The hydrogels were characterized to evaluate their structural, thermal, and morphological properties. Results showed successful grafting, increased porosity (up to ~ 45%) with higher DADMAC content, enhanced thermal stability and pH-responsive swelling behavior. Controlled biodegradation was observed over 21 days, with weight loss ranging from 17.5 to 25%. In vitro cytocompatibility evaluated by assay on human fibroblast (BJ−1) cells showed high cell viability (> 86%), while scratch wound assays demonstrated improved cell migration and proliferation . Antibacterial activity assessed using the colony-forming unit method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli revealed effective bacterial growth reduction for DADMAC-containing hydrogels.These results indicate that the developed CMC-based hydrogels possess suitable physicochemical, biological, and antimicrobial properties for potential wound dressing applications.