Jul 2026· Revista Científica del Sistema de Estudios de Postgrado de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala· Vol 9, pp. 123-133· 0 citations· 5 references
TL;DR
The increase in antibiotic resistance observed for most of the antibiotics evaluated represents a relevant clinical challenge requiring continuous epidemiological surveillance and is a relevant clinical challenge requiring continuous epidemiological surveillance.
Abstract
Objective
to characterize the resistance profile of Burkholderia cepacia during the period 2015-2019, as well as to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients from whom the B. cepacia isolates were obtained.
Method
the study was retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and chi-square test.
Results
During the study period, 587 B. cepacia isolates were identified, with a higher percentage in males (61.8%), and the prevalence of B. cepacia infections was higher in adults (75%) compared to pediatric patients. Blood cultures yielded the highest number of B. cepacia isolates (64.3%), with an increase in resistant strains in the year-over-year distribution for most of the antibiotics evaluated.
Conclusion
the increase in antibiotic resistance observed for most of the antibiotics evaluated represents a relevant clinical challenge requiring continuous epidemiological surveillance. The majority of infected patients were adult males, and blood cultures yielded the highest number of B. cepacia isolates.
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated environmental contamination by Staphylococcus aureus in the Pediatric Department of the Hospital de Clínicas of the Federal University of Uberlândia (HC-UFU), as well as the antimicrobial resistance profile of the isolated strains, aiming to understand the potential risks associated with the circulation of this pathogen. METHODS: A total of 70 samples were collected from surfaces and objects in the pediatric unit. Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed, including the D-test for inducible clindamycin resistance and phenotypic screening for the MRSA profile. RESULTS: Of the 70 samples analyzed, 9 (12.87%) were positive for S. aureus, of which 8 (88.8%) were classified as MRSA profile. No strains were isolated from toys, a finding possibly associated with the cleaning protocols adopted, whereas shared-use surfaces showed the highest contamination rates. The D-test detected inducible clindamycin resistance in 55.5% of the isolates. CONCLUSIONS: The findings reinforce the importance of biosafety measures, including proper cleaning, microbiological surveillance, and the rational use of antimicrobials, and suggest a possible route of S. aureus transmission between the community and the hospital environment.
Edy Orlando, Samuell Luiz Silva, Lamartine Lemos de Melo et al.· Pubsaúde· 0 citations
Background: urinary tract infections (UTIs) during pregnancy are among the most common complications, especially in the first trimester, with an estimated prevalence of 20–30 %. This research aimed to determine the most frequent enterobacteriaceae and their antimicrobial susceptibility profile to antibiotics commonly used at the primary care level for UTI in pregnant women, as well as to evaluate the associated maternal-fetal morbidity.
Methods: an observational, descriptive, retrospective study was conducted, based on urine culture reports of patients who attended the Hospital de la Mujer de Culiacán IMSS-Bienestar with symptoms suggestive of urinary tract infection between August 2, 2021 and July 28, 2022. Pregnant women of any gestational age who underwent urine culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing were included. A qualitative detection of beta-lactamase production was performed according to the microorganism and the antibiotic evaluated. The data were analyzed using version 13.0 of Stata.
Results: a total of 476 records were analyzed. The mean age was 25.40 ± 7.75 years, and the mean gestational age was 30.54 ± 10.60 weeks. A total of 369 cases of infection by Escherichia coli (77.52 %), 27 of Proteus vulgaris (5.67 %) and 80 of Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.80 %) were identified. The susceptibility of Escherichia coli to ampicillin, cephalotin and nitrofurantoin was 45 %, 51 % and 94 %, respectively; for K. pneumoniae, 0 %, 80 % and 50 %; and for P. vulgaris, 70 %, 89 % and 3.7 %. The highest morbidity was observed in cases of UTIs caused by Escherichia coli.
Conclusion: Escherichia coli was the predominant causative agent and exhibited low susceptibility to certain commonly used antibiotics at the primary care level, highlighting the need for local surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and optimization of empirical treatment.
J. Murillo-Llanes, F. Castro-Apodaca, Ignacio Osuna-Ramírez et al.· Revista Mexicana de Urología· 0 citations
Objective
. To assess the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of
S. maltophilia
in Belarus over a five – year period (2020–2024).
Materials and methods
. A retrospective analysis of microbiological surveillance data (WHONET) was performed on clinical
S. maltophilia
isolates obtained from patients in six regions of Belarus and Minsk city. A total of 3267 isolates were included. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion or automated systems and interpreted according to CLSI criteria. Statistical analysis included calculation of 95 % confidence intervals (Clopper – Pearson method), comparison of proportions and trend assessment.
Results
. The largest numbers of isolates were recovered from Minsk city (56.1 %), Minsk region (13.3 %), Mogilev region (13.0 %) and Gomel region (8.2 %). Resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was 32.5 % (95 % CI (30.6–34.3 %)), susceptibility – 48.9 %. Sharp interregional differences were observed: resistance ranged from 7.4 % in Mogilev region to 95.7 % in Grodno region. Susceptibility to levofloxacin was high (81.7 %), with a trend of decreasing resistance from 24.7 % in 2021 to 5.7 % in 2024 (p < 0.001). High resistance rates to ceftazidime (80.1 %) and ticarcillin/clavulanate (24.6 %) confirmed intrinsic β-lactamase-mediated resistance. According to preliminary data (n = 43), minocycline showed high activity (88.4 % of susceptible isolates).
Conclusion
. Significant interregional differences in
S. maltophilia
resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and fluoroquinolones were found in Belarus. A marked positive trend of restoration of susceptibility to levofloxacin was observed. These findings support the need for continuous epidemiological surveillance and a region tailored approach to empirical therapy of
S. maltophilia
infections.
O. Yanovich, E. Karpova, N. Levshina et al.· Healthcare· 0 citations
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (ABA-RCB) infections represent a critical global threat due to their limited therapeutic options. This observational, analytical and retrospective study (2021-2024) evaluated the clinical, epidemiological profile and outcome of 57 patients with confirmed ABA-RCB infection in a second level hospital in Rosario, Argentina. The mean age was 76.2 years (54% women). The main risk factors identified were previous use of antimicrobials (72%) and recent surgeries (47%). The most prevalent infections were pneumonia (54.39%) and those associated with prosthetic material (19.28%). Targeted treatment was predominantly performed as monotherapy (96.49%), using colistin in 79% of cases. A statistically significant association was recorded between antimicrobial treatment and worsening renal function (p=0.001). 75.44% of patients required care in the intensive care unit and overall mortality reached 61.40%. No statistically significant relationship was found between mortality and comorbidities, the infectious focus or the treatment regimen used. In conclusion, ABA-RCB infections in this population of older adults presented extremely high morbidity and mortality. Current clinical management is severely limited by the lack of access to new state-of-the-art antimicrobials, forcing the use of colistin monotherapies that carry high nephrotoxicity. These results underscore the urgent need for novel targeted therapies and optimization of early clinical suspicion.
Micaela Sandoval, P. González, Juan Ignacio Rodriguez Lia et al.· Actualizaciones en SIDA e in...· 0 citations
PURPOSE
To analyse the epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular diversity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates recovered in 2016-2017 at a tertiary hospital in northern Spain, and to perform a seven-year pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) evaluation using susceptibility data from previous studies conducted in the same hospital setting.
METHODS
A total of 231 non-duplicated isolates from 227 patients were studied. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by MIC gradient strip tests and molecular typing was performed by NG-MAST v2.0. Epidemiological variables were analysed, and considering the MIC distribution of the isolates, the cumulative fraction of response (CFR) for relevant antimicrobials was estimated.
RESULTS
Most infections occurred in men (80.5%), particularly among men who have sex with men (50.3%), with the highest incidence in patients aged 25-34 years. All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone and cefixime (100%), while susceptibility to azithromycin remained above 95% throughout the study period. In contrast, ciprofloxacin resistance remained high, ranging from 46.2% to 72.7% over the seven-year period. PK/PD analysis showed that CFR values ≥ 90% were achieved only with cephalosporins. Molecular typing identified 91 STs, including 15 previously undescribed STs. Six genogroups accounted for 51.9% of isolates and were associated with distinct epidemiological and resistance patterns.
CONCLUSION
Ceftriaxone remains the preferred empirical treatment option for gonococcal infection. The favourable PK/PD performance observed for cefixime supports its activity against the studied isolates, although current treatment recommendations continue to prioritize ceftriaxone, particularly for extragenital infections; whereas ciprofloxacin should not be recommended for empirical use because of persistently high resistance rates. Continued molecular and antimicrobial resistance surveillance is essential for monitoring the emergence and dissemination of NG-MAST genogroups associated with antimicrobial resistance and for guiding future treatment strategies.
María Del Rosario Almela-Ferrer, María Carmen Nieto-Toboso, Elisabeth Montoya-Azpeitia et al.· European Journal of Clinical...· 0 citations
BACKGROUND
Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is a group of ≥21 related organisms, including B. cepacia, Burkholderia cenocepacia, and Burkholderia multivorans. BCC can cause opportunistic infections in people who are immunocompromised and those with comorbidities or lung conditions. BCC exhibits intrinsic and acquired resistance to antimicrobial agents; additional treatment options may improve patient outcomes.
METHODS
BCC isolates were collected as part of the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) global surveillance program from 2016-2019 and 2020-2022. Susceptibility of isolates to imipenem and imipenem/relebactam was tested in vitro, and the effects of imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam on BCC burden were evaluated in vivo.
RESULTS
In total, 346 and 293 BCC isolates were collected from 2016-2019 and 2020-2022, respectively, the most common were B. cepacia (2016-2019: n=145/346; 2020-2022: n=124/293) and B. cenocepacia (2016-2019: n=137/346; 2020-2022: n=119/293). In vitro, imipenem/relebactam reduced 50% and 90% minimum inhibitory concentrations for BCC isolates by 8-16-fold versus imipenem alone. In vivo, imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam initiation at 2 hours post-challenge significantly reduced BCC burden versus imipenem/cilastatin for one of five strains (-1.67 log colony-forming units [CFU]/g; P<0.01) at therapeutic imipenem doses and four of five strains at subtherapeutic imipenem doses (-1.19 to -1.93 log CFU/g; all P<0.05).
CONCLUSION
Imipenem/relebactam effectively inhibited the growth of BCC isolates in vitro and reduced bacterial burden of BCC isolates in vivo. There are no interpretive susceptibility criteria for imipenem/relebactam against BCC; however, these results warrant further investigation in clinical studies.
Lianzhu Liang, Joel Mane, David W. Hilbert et al.· Journal of Global Antimicrob...· 0 citations
