Study of fluoroquinolones resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from clinical sources

In-Vitro Activity of Amoxycillin / Clavulanic Acid against Clinical Isolates from Jordanian Children.

Antimicrobial resistance and genes profiles of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from University Teaching Hospital of Kigali

INTRODUCTION: Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global threat, with carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) identified by World Health Organisation (WHO) as a top-priority pathogen. In Rwanda, data on resistance patterns and underlying genetic determinants in A. baumannii remains limited. This study aims to assess phenotypic resistance profile and detect key resistance genes to support infection prevention and control (IPC) and antimicrobial stewardship interventions. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to July 2025.Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were identified and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using the disk diffusion method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect selected resistance genes. Data on patient demographics, sample types, and hospital wards were collected and analysed. RESULTS: Of 1746 clinical isolates, 3.2% (n=56) were confirmed Acinetobacter baumannnii. Most isolates were recovered from male Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients aged 19–40. All isolates showed 100% resistance to key beta-lactams, high resistance to ciprofloxacin with 87.0%, gentamicin 78.3%, while complete susceptibility to imipenem at 100% was observed. Resistance genes; blaOXA-23 and blaCTX-M were detected in 60.9% and 52.2% of isolates respectively, confirming the genetic basis for carbapenem and ESBL resistance. CONCLUSION: The study revealed a significant burden of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections, particularly among ICU patients. The high resistance of blaOXA-23 and blaCTX-M highlights the complexity of managing these infections and underscores the need for strengthened IPC measures, routine molecular surveillance, and targeted AMS strategies.

Antibiotics resistance profile of Carbapenemase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae from urine samples in general hospital, Calabar

Urinary tract infection is among the most common infectious disease ranking next to upper respiratory tract infection. Therefore, studying bacterial pathogens causing urinary tract infection and their antimicrobials susceptibility patterns are of the highest priority. Infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae have become a significant worldwide public health problem. This study was aimed at phenotypic characterization of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-and carbapenemase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae from urinary tract infection in a secondary health facility in Calabar, Southern Nigeria. One hundred and fifty (150) urine samples were collected, and analyze using standard microbiological techniques on chromogenic agar. A total number of 21 non repetitive clinical bacterial strains were isolated, out of which (9/12; 42.85%) isolation rate falls in the age range greater than 60 years significantly higher at p>0.05 than that recorded for age range 21-31 years (1/21; 5.56%). The female gender showed high 58% isolation rate. Results for the screening of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates for ESBL- and carbapenemase production revealed (5/21; 23.80%) to be ESBL-producers and (1/5;20%) to be resistant to imipenem antibiotics and were characterized and identified as strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrobials susceptibility profile of ESBL-and carbapenemase producers showed them to be susceptible to streptomycin, imipenem and, sulfonamide, ofloxacin respectively. The findings in this study indicate that age group of over 60 years are prone to urinary tract infection cause by Klebsiella pneumoniae and that one has more of it in the female gender.

Antimicrobial resistance and plasmidome of carbapenemase-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae causing bloodstream infections between 2014 and 2024

The WHO has designated carbapenemase-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) as a priority pathogen due to the potential for nosocomial infection outbreaks. In this study, a total of 724 non-duplicated K. pneumoniae bloodstream infection isolates were collected in Beijing between 2014 and 2024, of which 14.5% were identified as CRKP (n = 105). The incidence of CRKP isolates remained at a relatively high level since 2018, with a significant increase observed following the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. The most common sequence type was ST11 (84.8%), followed by ST16 (5.7%) and ST15 (5.7%). Sixteen potential clonal transmissions were identified, including four clonal clusters transmitted at the ward-level. Antimicrobial resistance was severe, with almost all isolates showing resistance to 15 antimicrobials tested. The blaKPC-2 (93.3%) was the dominated carbapenemase gene, followed by blaOXA-181 (5.7%). The blaCTX-M-65 (61.0%) was the most common ESBL gene, followed by blaCTX-M-15 (14.3%) and blaSHV-12 (12.4%). Phenotype-genotype concordance was 100% for cephalosporins and carbapenemases. The correlation of plasmids with antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes were determined, with the IncFII(pHN7A8)_1_pHN7A8 plasmid showing a significant correlation with blaCTX-M-65 and blaKPC-2, and the IncHI1B_1_pNDM-MAR and IncR_1 plasmids significantly correlated with iucABC-iutA (P < 0.05). The trend of type KL64 was increasing and surpassed that of type KL47 since 2019, similar to the trend of O2a gradually surpassing O13. Our study provides insights into the epidemiology, dissemination, AMR genes, and plasmids of CRKP bloodstream infections in Beijing, China, over the long term.

NDM and OXA-48 Dominance among Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales in an Indian Tertiary Care Hospital

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections, which are associated with high morbidity and mortality, are increasingly reported worldwide, particularly in healthcare settings. This observational study investigated patients with CRE infections at an Indian tertiary care hospital. The infections predominantly affected elderly individuals: the 61–80 age group accounted for 59.4% of cases, while the 71–80 subgroup alone comprised 38.6% of patients. Regarding hospital stay duration, nearly half of the patients (48.3%) were hospitalized for 0–10 days, whereas 31.0% remained hospitalized for 31 days or more. The most frequently utilized indwelling devices were Foley catheters, followed by nebulizers, nasogastric (NG) tubes, and ventilators. Microbiologically, Klebsiella pneumoniae was the primary isolate (58.6%), followed by Escherichia coli (27.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.1%), Acinetobacter baumannii (2.0%), non-lactose fermenters (2.0%), and Providencia rettgeri, Enterobacter cloacae, and Aspergillus spp. (2.0% each). This study highlights the clinical and microbiological characteristics of CRE isolated from hospitalized patients. Genetic analysis revealed that blaNDM and blaOXA-48 were the most prevalent carbapenemase genes, while blaKPC and blaIMP occurred less frequently. Notably, several isolates co-harbored multiple resistance genes (such as blaNDM and blaOXA-48, suggesting the emergence of multidrug-resistant variants with complex resistance determinants.

Phenotypic detection of Metallo-Beta Lactamases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a tertiary care hospital of Western Rajasthan

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosais an opportunistic gram negative bacilli, often causing Hospital acquired infection. Pseudomonas spp. infection is prevalent among patients with burn wounds, cystic fibrosis, acute leukemia and intravenous drug users and urinary tract infection etc. Aim of the study:The present study was designed to determine the prevalence of Metallo -beta lactamase production in Pseudomonas aeruginosaand to evaluate the phenotypic test methods to detect the MBL production in imipenem-resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Materials and Methods:The present study was conducted fromSeptember 2022 to December 2024 at the department of Microbiology ,Dr.S.N Medical college,Jodhpur.It was a hospital based prospective study. Results:Totally 215,isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected from various clinical specimens.Out of which 184 were impipenem resistant .Highest sensitivity and specificity was shown by E –test i.e 184(100%) followed by combined disc test 177 (96.17%),MHT 98(53.26%) and DDST 96(52.17%) respectively.