Jul 2026· SOCIAL PRISM· Vol 3, pp. 55-68· 0 citations
Abstract
The study was aimed to investigate the impact of globalization on environmental degradation in Pakistan for the period 1990-2024. Stationarity test Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron are employed to the order of stationarity. For estimation of the parameters of the model Auto-Regressive Distributed Lags approach is employed. Bound Test reported that there is long run relationship between the variables of the model. Long run results showed that globalization affect negatively and significantly environmental degradation, which means that globalization improves environmental quality through technological diffusion and the adoption of cleaner production practices. In contrast, population density has a positive and significant impact on environmental degradation, implying that higher population concentration increases carbon dioxide emissions and worsens environmental quality. Similarly, economic growth is found to have a positive and statistically significant long-run effect on environmental degradation, indicating that the process of economic expansion in Pakistan has been accompanied by increased energy consumption, industrial activities, and carbon emissions, thereby exerting pressure on environmental quality. Furthermore, poverty exhibits a positive and significant impact on environmental degradation, suggesting that higher poverty levels encourage the unsustainable exploitation of natural resources, reliance on environmentally harmful practices, and limited adoption of cleaner technologies. Based on these outcomes of the study, it is suggested that globalization, population dynamics, economic growth, and poverty should be paid special attentions regarding environmental policy formulation to provide clean and quality environment to the residents of the nation. It can be possible by Promoting environmentally sustainable technologies through globalization, implementing effective population dynamics, encouraging green economic growth, and reducing poverty through inclusive development are essential for achieving long-term environmental sustainability in Pakistan.
This study aims to examine the factors influencing the environmental performance of Vietnam’s economy by analyzing the relationship among economic activity, energy transition, technological progress, and emissions per unit of output. Annual time-series data for the period 1990-2021 were collected from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators and the annual reports of the Intellectual Property Office of Vietnam. The autoregressive distributed lag model is employed to investigate both the short-run and long-run effects among the research variables. The empirical results indicate the existence of a long-run cointegration relationship among the variables. The estimation results show that economic activity increases emissions per unit of output, reflecting the economy’s relatively strong dependence on high-emission energy sources. In contrast, the expansion of clean energy use significantly reduces environmental pressure in both the short and long run. Meanwhile, the proxy for technological progress does not exhibit a statistically significant effect on the environmental indicator during the study period. In addition, the error correction coefficient is negative and statistically significant, confirming the existence of an adjustment mechanism toward long-run equilibrium after short-run shocks. Based on these empirical findings, the study proposes several policy implications to promote energy transition, improve the quality of economic growth, and support the achievement of sustainable development goals in Vietnam.
Khang The Nguyen· International journal of res...· 0 citations
This study examines the effect of Environmental degradation on economic growth in Nigeria, from
1990 to 2024). The study used Carbon dioxide emissions, population growth rate and total
greenhouse effect as proxy for Environmental degradation variables while Nigeria economic
growth was measured using Gross Domestic Product. The study made use of time series data, and
the data were sourced from World Bank Indicators (WDI) of the World Bank, Central Bank of
Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin and National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) reports. The technique
of data analysis adopted include descriptive statistical technique, Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF)
of unit root test, and Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) approach. The findings of the study
showed that Carbon dioxide emission has a positive and insignificant relationship with the
economic variables in the long-run but has a negative and significant relationship with the
variables in the short-run, indicating that carbon dioxide emission can influence the economy in
the short-run. Population growth rate has a positive and significant relationship with economic
growth in Nigeria. Total greenhouse effect has a negative and insignificant relationship with
economic growth in the long run but negatively significantly impacted the economy in the short
run. Based on the findings, the study concluded that that carbon dioxide emission and total
greenhouse effects are significant contributor to environmental degradation, and they play
negative vital role in economic growth in Nigeria. Among other things, the study recommended
that government should put policies to forestall the emission of greenhouse gases especially CO2
emission from fossil fuel combustion and that the government should promote green economy,
make adequate policies to cut down carbon emissions, and adoption of policy measures to support
action for climate change for attainment of improved environmental quality alongside growth
trajectories in the country.
Simeon. Awajinor Simeon· IIARD International Journal...· 0 citations
This paper investigates the relationship between non-renewable energy consumption, globalization and carbon emissions under the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, based on the observations of ASEAN economies between 1990 and 2023, which are unbalanced panel data. A panel cointegration analysis is used to explore the time-series dependence of the variables both in the short-term and in the long-term. The findings indicate the support of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis which implies the energy consumption – carbon emission curve is inverted U-shaped. The results also confirm that the use of non-renewable energy sources also has a positive correlation with environmental pressure. Globalization, however, has not reached all countries similarly and appears to influence countries in different ways depending on the differences in countries' economic development, institutional environment, and environmental policies. Therefore, this study proposes that the move towards Renewable Energy (RE) should be a priority in ASEAN economies, and should be done in an environmentally sustainable way.
Research Paper, Anum Gul, Faraz et al.· The social science· 0 citations
Balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability remains a serious challenge for many transition economies. This study analyzes the relationship between economic growth, service sector expansion, urbanization, and environmental degradation in Uzbekistan. Employing yearly temporal series data from 1991 to 2024, the research implements an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing methodology to investigate the short-run and long-run relationships among the variables. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are used as proxies for environmental degradation, while GDP per capita, service sector value added, and urban population growth represent key economic and structural factors. The empirical results show that there is a stable long-run cointegration relationship between the variables. The findings show that economic growth significantly reduces CO2 emissions in the long run, which supports the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for Uzbekistan. Conversely, the expansion of the service sector and rapid urbanization are found to increase CO2 emissions and contribute to environmental degradation. The error correction model shows a rapid adjustment rate of approximately 66.5% to the long-run equilibrium after short-term shocks. Through these results, we attempted to reveal the importance of sustainable urban development, green economic policies, and the development of an environmentally friendly service sector in Uzbekistan.
Firuza Achilova, N. Rizaev, F. Xolmurotov et al.· Economies· 0 citations
CO₂ emissions remain a major challenge to Malaysia’s sustainable development and transition toward a green economy. This study examines the determinants of CO₂ emissions in Malaysia from 1990–2024, focusing on GDP, energy consumption, and trade (imports and exports of goods and services). Guided by the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework, the study investigates the long-run effects of these variables on environmental quality. Using annual data from the World Bank and econometric techniques including the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), cointegration, and regression analyses, the findings show that GDP, energy consumption, and imports significantly increase CO₂ emissions, supporting the inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis. Exports exhibit mixed effects, with stronger impacts at higher emission levels, while energy consumption acts as a key channel through which trade influences environmental degradation. The results highlight the need for green economy strategies that promote energy efficiency and sustainable trade practices to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation. Despite being limited to data available up to 2024, the study provides valuable evidence for policymakers seeking to align Malaysia’s economic and trade objectives with international carbon reduction commitments.
Nur Raudhah Zakaria, S. A. Jalil, Leylawati Joremi et al.· Quantum Journal of Social Sc...· 0 citations
This study examined the effect of environmental degradation on economic growth in Nigeria,
using carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions as a proxy for environmental degradation alongside
selected macroeconomic variables, including real interest rate, investment, inflation, and
technological innovation. The empirical results revealed that, at the 5% level of significance,
only the lagged value of GDP had a positive and statistically significant effect on current
economic growth, indicating strong persistence in economic performance. Although carbon
dioxide (CO₂) emissions exhibited a negative relationship with economic growth, the effect was
statistically insignificant. Similarly, real interest rate, investment, inflation, and technological
innovation did not significantly influence economic growth during the study period. The
findings suggest that environmental degradation did not have a significant impact on Nigeria's
economic growth over the period examined. The study recommends the implementation of
sustainable environmental policies, increased investment in green technologies, and improved
macroeconomic policies to promote long-term economic growth while protecting
environmental quality.
Aliyu Rilwan Sa'ad, Umaru Musa, Ndigefa Earnest Johnson et al.· International Journal of Eco...· 0 citations