Dekonstruksi Hak Perempuan dalam Kitab ‘Uqūd Al-Lujjain: Kajian Gender Relasi Suami Istri dan Relevansinya dalam Hukum Keluarga Islam Indonesia

Abstract

‘Uqūd Al-Lujjain by Shaykh Nawawi al-Bantani is a classical Islamic text used in pesantren education to discuss husband-wife relations. Some of its provisions, particularly the emphasis on wives’ obedience to husbands and the prohibition against leaving the house without permission, have been criticized for potentially creating gender inequality. Such criticism has been raised by the Forum Kajian Kitab Kuning (FK3), while other studies emphasize the importance of understanding these provisions within the social and historical context in which the text was written. This study aims to analyze the construction of women’s rights in ‘Uqūd Al-Lujjain through gender analysis and textual deconstruction, as well as examine its relevance to the reform of Islamic family law in Indonesia, particularly the regulation of nusyuz in the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). This study employs a qualitative approach using library research. The data are analyzed descriptively and analytically through Mansour Fakih’s gender perspective, textual deconstruction, and the mubādalah perspective. The findings show that ‘Uqūd Al-Lujjain contains principles of reciprocity, protection, and good treatment in husband-wife relations. However, provisions concerning wives’ obedience, permission to leave the house, and nusyuz may potentially create inequality when understood textually without considering their social and historical context. Textual deconstruction indicates the need to distinguish these formulations from the fundamental Islamic values of justice and makruf. These findings are relevant to the reform of Islamic family law in Indonesia by understanding nusyuz as a violation of marital responsibilities that may be committed by either husband or wife based on the principle of reciprocity (mubādalah).