Aug 2026· International Journal of Agriculture and Earth Science· pp. 138· 0 citations
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the factors that influence smallholder rice farmers to participate in
contract farming in rural communities of Taraba State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling was adopted
to select a sample of households engaged in contract farming; other secondary data were sourced
from relevant literature and reviews. Determinants of contract participation by farmers and
households were evaluated using descriptive and other relevant econometric models. Data on
socioeconomic characteristics, the operational constraints associated with various contract
models used by farmers accessed with the use of questionnaire were assessed using relevant
statistical tools. Data analyzed indicates that 70% of respondents were males and 30% females, a
reflection of the male dominance in contract farming in the study area. 62% of respondents adopt
the traditional or informal contract scheme popularly known in local parlance as badakaka while
38% are involved with formal agro-enterprises engaged in contract farming in the study area.
74% of respondents have large households comprising of between 5-10 dependents which is
suitable for contract farming in view of labor availability. 84% of respondents are not
knowledgeable enough to understand the technicalities involved with contract even though data
reveal that 91% are educated with a minimum of secondary education. 67% of respondents are
not members of any cooperative while 33% belong to cooperative groups. 97% report they get
supports from sponsor when they sign to contract farming arrangement. It is recommended that
government should be deliberate about strengthening social capital which is critical for
confidence building among citizens to belong to cooperative movements. Agricultural extension
services should be enhanced and harnessed to train farmers not only on farming methods but other
business strategies and adoption of modern technology especially as it relates to linkages and
networking.
Farmland access remains a key constraint for smallholder farmers in Nigeria, with increasing reliance on the land rental market. This study investigates the determinants of farmland market participation among smallholder farmers in Ogun State across different land arrangement types, socio-economic characteristics, and participation outcomes. Primary data from 150 respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multinomial logistic regression, bivariate logit model, and a problem ranking index. Result of the socio-economic analysis revealed that most farmers were above 40 years, with farming as a secondary occupation for many. Participation in the rental market was notable, with 58% renting in land and 41.3% renting out. Multinomial regression results showed that education significantly reduced the likelihood of choosing ownership (p < 0.001), communal (p = 0.056), and sharecropping (p = 0.009). Farm size positively influenced selection of ownership (B = 0.81, p = 0.001) and communal (B = 1.11, p = 0.004) arrangements. Bivariate logit estimates showed land size significantly reduced the likelihood of renting in (B = -0.84, p = 0.012) but increased renting out (B = 1.02, p = 0.018). Household size increased rent-in participation (B = 0.56, p = 0.031), whereas age significantly influenced rent-out decisions (B = 0.44, p = 0.022). The significant correlation coefficient (rho = 0.411, p = 0.008) indicated interdependence between both decisions. The findings reveal a dynamic farmland market shaped by socio-economic pressures and land scarcity. Land tenure arrangements, farmers' cooperatives, and land information services need to be strengthened to improve land access and rural productivity.
Q. G. Nafiu, W. M. Ashagidigbi, A. O. Ijaoba et al.· FUDMA Journal of Agriculture...· 0 citations
This study examined the determinants of indigenous organic farming practices adoption among cassava farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 90 cassava farmers from Kwara State Agricultural Development Programme (KWADP) Zone C. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. The results showed that 64.4% of the respondents were male, while 63.3% were within the economically active age range of 20–40 years. About 70.0% of the farmers had tertiary education, and 57.8% had household sizes of between 4–6 persons. Institutional characteristics revealed that 68.9% of the respondents were members of farmers’ associations, and majority of them 83.3% had access to extension services, most of them 71.1% had access to credit for farming activities. The logistic regression results indicated that education level (β = 0.683, p < 0.05), farming experience (β = 0.686, p < 0.05), access to extension services (β = 2.739, p < 0.01), access to credit (β = 2.645, p < 0.05), and membership of farmers’ associations (β = 1.231, p < 0.05) significantly influenced adoption of indigenous organic farming practices. Access to extension services increased the likelihood of adoption by over fifteen times. The study concludes that institutional support and farmers’ capacity-building are critical to enhancing indigenous organic farming adoption among cassava farmers. Strengthening extension delivery, improving credit access, and promoting farmers’ organizations are recommended to scale up sustainable cassava production in the study area.
Maize production is a critical aspect of agriculture, especially in developing countries where it contributes significantly to food security and rural development. This study investigated the environmental determinants and extension service factors impacting maize yields among smallholder farmers in Bungoma-North Sub County, Bungoma County, Kenya. The study examined the role of environmental factors such as climate variability, temperature changes, and rainfall patterns, as well as the influence of agricultural extension services in facilitating the adoption of modern farming techniques to enhance food security. The study employed a survey research design with a target population of 10,548 smallholder maize farming households. A sample of 318 respondents was selected using stratified and purposive sampling techniques. Questionnaires, interview schedules, and secondary data were used as research instruments. Pilot testing was conducted in the neighboring Mukuyuni location, and test-retest reliability was established. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) through descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Findings revealed that environmental factors accounted for 51.2% (R² = .512, p < .05) of maize production variance, with erratic weather patterns being the most significant challenge. Extension services significantly influenced production, explaining 52.2% (R² = .522, p < .05) of the variation. Over 88% of farmers strongly agreed that rainfall variability had increased, and 86.5% affirmed that environmental factors had influenced annual yield levels. While over half of respondents reported receiving extension visits, 73% faced significant challenges in accessing extension services. The study concludes that both environmental adaptation strategies and strengthened extension service delivery are critical for improving maize production among smallholder farmers. The findings provide baseline information that can be used by researchers, agricultural officers, and government authorities to encourage farmers to adopt climate-smart agricultural practices and enhance extension service accessibility for improved food security.
M. Kombe, R. Onamu, Lydiah Wamocha· Science Mundi· 0 citations
This study aims to investigate farmers’ perceptions of agricultural input subsides and their impact on agricultural productivity in the context of the Prime Minister Agricultural Modernization Project (PMAMP). This study employed both descriptive and causal-comparative research designs and was conducted among 1,012 registered farmers in Pokhara Metropolitan City. The sample size was 212 using the Rao soft sample size calculator. A sample of 201 farmers was surveyed using purposive and snowball sampling design for the selection of the study area from 19 different wards. Primary data were collected through a structured survey questionnaire with five point Likert scale administered through both physical and online using Google forms. The collected data were analyzed using some descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple regression analysis. The findings of the study revealed that access to agricultural subsidies, access to credit and financial support, market proximity and infrastructure had significant positive effects on agricultural productivity, while land ownership status and regional disparities in subsidy allocation showed insignificant positive effect on agricultural productivity. In addition to, access to agricultural subsidies was the strongest predictor of agricultural productivity. Future research direction could be interventions needed to make input delivery methods, raise awareness and provide integrated support services.
This study examined the factors influencing farmers’ attitude and participation in the National Agricultural Development Fund (NADF) intervention programmes in Zaria, Sabon Gari, and Makarfi Local Government Areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 343 respondents from a sampling frame of 2,386 farmers. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that most respondents were male, married, and within the economically active age group, with a mean age of 42.6 years. The regression analysis on farmers’ attitude showed that age, educational level, farming experience, programme awareness, trust in government programmes, and perceived benefits significantly influenced farmers’ attitude toward NADF programmes. The model produced an R² value of 0.53 and an F-value of 24.63. The participation model revealed that farm size, annual farm income, cooperative membership, access to extension services, frequency of extension contact, and access to agricultural credit significantly influenced farmers’ participation in NADF programmes. The model recorded an R² value of 0.57 and an F-value of 28.11, while access to agricultural credit emerged as the strongest determinant of participation. Major constraints identified included inadequate access to credit, delay in loan disbursement, inadequate extension contact, poor awareness, and high cost of farm inputs. The study concluded that socio-economic, institutional, and programme-related factors significantly influence farmers’ attitude and participation in NADF intervention programmes. It recommends improved access to credit, strengthened extension services, effective awareness campaigns, and transparent programme implementation.
M.K. Idris, M.I. Fagge, A.K. Dalha et al.· Journal of Agriculture and E...· 0 citations
Despite being an important food and cash crop in Nepal, commercialization of potato is limited. This study was conducted to identify the determinants of farmers’ willingness to grow potatoes on a commercial scale, as well as the encouraging and limiting factors, in Rupandehi district, Nepal. Employing a purposive random sampling, 120 farm households were selected from seven municipalities. Primary data were collected in 2025 through household surveys using a pretested semi-structured interview schedule, while Key Informant Interview (KII) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) were conducted with selected participants. Descriptive statistics and a probit model were used for data analysis. The results revealed that farming experience, access to labor, landholding size and access to subsidy were key determinants that positively affected farmers’ willingness to commercialize potato cultivation, while age had a negative effect. Farmers reported better market access, availability of improved seeds, higher selling prices and financial support as major motivating factors for commercialization. Similarly, farmers reported risks of crop failure, lack of capital, small landholdings and unstable prices as major barriers. Thus, the study highlights the need for targeted policy actions such as providing timely access to quality inputs, expanding financial support, stabilizing market prices and promoting collective approaches to address landholding issues to enhance farmers’ involvement in commercial potato production.
Kriti Bhandari, Sushmita Bhatta, B. P. Mishra· Nepalese Journal of Agricult...· 0 citations
