TL;DR
Treatment of MOGAD includes management of the acute episode and the use of chronic immunomodulatory therapy to prevent relapses and sequelae and, in selected cases, the use of chronic immunomodulatory therapy to prevent relapses and sequelae.
Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies have become central therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) and other autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system, including neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), and autoimmune encephalitis. These ag...
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a distinct inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system, and its diagnosis is guided by the 2023 International MOGAD Panel criteria. Its clinical spectrum includes optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, acute disseminated ence...
Treatment de-escalation is sometimes necessary because of adverse effects, comorbidities, infections, treatment fatigue, or life circumstances such as pregnancy, but in pregnancy, management requires balancing maternal disease control with fetal safety, with strategies ranging from continuation of selected therapies to...
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated systemic vasculitides (AAV) are a group of severe, potentially fatal autoimmune diseases that include granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis, and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. The introduction of a modern therapeutic strategy based on t...
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disorder characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia (platelet count <100 × 109/L) in the absence of another explanatory cause. Bleeding risk has traditionally anchored clinical management, yet patient-reported data show that fatigue and impaired quality of life re...
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) in childhood is a rare but severe condition associated with significant morbidity and treatment-related toxicity. Current therapies mainly rely on high-dose glucocorticoids and conventional immunosuppressants, which may cause substantial long-term a...
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