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Open access Oct 2026

Role of Unbalanced Jet Streak Circulations in East Asian Dust Storms

A mesoscale study of three severe dust storms over China and Mongolia was conducted using observational and high‐ resolution numerical model data sets. The analysis of these data indicates many commonalities among the three case studies, (a) precursor wind flow across the mountain creating a strong statically stable...

A. Pokharel, Michael L. Kaplan · 0 citations
Open access Sep 2026

Spatial Heterogeneity in the Concurrent Variations of the Boreal Summer Jet Streams and the Linkage to Temperature Anomalies

During boreal summer, the polar front jet (PJ) and the subtropical jet (SJ) exhibit regional heterogenous variability that strongly influences climate. However, previous studies have mainly focused on specific regions, with limited attention to a hemispheric perspective. In this study, we investigate the concurrent var...

Bo-Yan Li, Wang-Chu Zhou, Dao-Kai Xue et al. · 0 citations
Open access Sep 2026

The Coastal Transition of a West African Mesoscale Convective System

Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are critical sources of precipitation in tropical West Africa, yet their behavior changes dramatically as they transition from land to the eastern Atlantic. This study investigates the mechanisms governing this coastal transition by analyzing an MCS observed on 14 September 2022, u...

R. Rios-Berrios, Naoko Sakaeda, Shun-Nan Wu et al. · 0 citations
Open access Oct 2026

Observations of the atmosphere across the Congo Air Boundary

The Congo Air Boundary (CAB) is a synoptic-scale dryline and convergence zone that is a defining feature of the southern African tropical-edge climate from August to November, playing a central role in both the timing of rainfall onset and projections of regional drying. Here we present the first detailed observati...

Charles Knight, R. Washington, C. Munday et al. · 0 citations
Open access Oct 2026

Topographic influence on Gulf Stream meandering

This study investigates the influence of bottom topography on the development of instabilities in Gulf-Stream-like jets using a two-layer quasi-geostrophic model. The approach combines a linear stability analysis with nonlinear numerical simulations to examine the formation of baroclinic instabilities and coherent stru...

G. Flierl, James Brice, Adele Ding et al. · 0 citations
Open access Oct 2026

Intrinsic transition mechanism of shallow convection in the wintertime extratropics

We examined the evolution of shallow convective structures in the atmospheric boundary layer in response to changes in the basic state. Idealized numerical experiments were designed to reflect a typical winter monsoonal environment with prescribed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) varying from 273 to 287 K. The results s...

Kaito Sato, Masaru Inatsu, S. Nishizawa et al. · 0 citations

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