Ocean heat content (OHC) is sensitive to errors in the vertical representation of temperature, particularly in regions characterized by strong thermohaline gradients. This study evaluates an empirical fractional-order integral procedure in six scenarios encompassing the tropical Atlantic, Indian, equatorial Pacific, an...
Quantifying projected changes in local hydroclimate characteristics as a function of degree of global warming (DGW) is difficult due to the coarse resolution of global climate models and internal variability necessitating large ensembles to isolate climate change signals. Alternatively, thermodynamic global warming...
Summertime temperature extremes exert profound impacts on human health, ecosystems, and infrastructure, yet their characteristics and drivers remain poorly quantified in New Zealand, in part due to the country's complex topography and multiple climate regimes. Using high‐quality temperature observations from 30 weath...
Primary productivity (PP) of the ocean is a crucial factor controlling of the carbon cycle of the Earth. The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) provides a valuable end-member climate state for evaluating its control. Numerical models, however, disagree on how PP in the North Pacific responded to LGM climate, limiting mechanist...
Dissolved oxygen is important for the ocean's ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles. Yet, Earth System Models (ESMs) vary in their simulations of the present-day and future ocean oxygen inventory. To narrow down the uncertainty in estimates of ocean oxygen content, we train a conditional generative diffusion model on ou...
The Gulf of Maine (GoM) is among the fastest-warming regions in the global ocean, with an observed basin-wide warming rate of approximately 0.05°C per year, substantially exceeding the global upper-ocean average. Although this accelerated warming has been well documented, the relative contributions of local atmospheric...
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