The unique effect of Atlantic forcing on Central Pacific El Niño

The Role of ENSO Phase Transition in the Delayed North Atlantic Oscillation Response

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant mode of interannual variability in the Earth system, exerting profound influences on global weather and climate. One notable impact is its ability to generate a dipole‐like sea level pressure anomaly pattern over the North Atlantic, resembling the North Atlantic O...

Major role for internal variability in tropical Pacific warming pattern over satellite era.

Home to El Niño, the tropical Pacific is a key player in the global climate system. While most of the planet has warmed during the satellite era of 1982-2024, the eastern tropical Pacific surface has mysteriously cooled. What is troubling is that fully coupled global climate models mostly fail to simulate this distinct...

Interdecadal pacific oscillation modulation of a South Atlantic precursor of following-winter ENSO

The South Atlantic sea-surface-temperature (SST) dipole has been proposed as a precursor of following-winter El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), but its unstable relationship with ENSO has limited its predictive use. Here, using observations, reanalysis, and a large model ensemble, we show that this instability is mod...

Decadal Modulation of ENSO's Impact on North Tropical Atlantic SSTs by Tropical Pacific Precipitation

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) often induces sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the North Tropical Atlantic (NTA) during the following spring. However, the decadal stability of ENSO's impact and its underlying modulation mechanisms remain unclear. Based on the piControl runs from 40 Coupled Model Interco...

The influence of linear ENSO-independent Pacific variability on the East Asian summer monsoon and its predictability

Intensification of the North Pacific Storm Track in the Mid‐1980s: Internal Variability Versus External Forcing

The mid‐tropospheric winter North Pacific storm track (NPST) underwent an interdecadal transition from weak to strong in the mid‐1980s and exhibited a significant intensification trend. Using climate model outputs, this study investigates the contributions of external forcing and internal variability to the NPST intens...