Aug 2026· Cell Insight· Vol 5, pp. 100357· 0 citations· 397 references
Medicine
TL;DR
This review aims to summarize the molecular regulation and pathophysiological significance of the cGAS-STING pathway and highlight its crucial role in innate antiviral immunity and other broader fields.
Abstract
Upon binding double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), the cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) catalyzes the synthesis of 2′,3′-cGAMP, which subsequently binds to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident adaptor STING/MITA and triggers STING trafficking to the Golgi apparatus and recruits TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) to induce type I interferons (IFNs) and inflammatory cytokines. Aberrant activation of this pathway drives severe autoinflammatory diseases, such as STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI) and Coatomer subunit alpha (COPA) syndrome. Furthermore, recent studies have revealed STING as a multifaceted signaling integrator that orchestrates non-canonical responses, such as autophagy, regulated cell death programs, cellular senescence, immunometabolism, and tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis. In this review, we aim to summarize the molecular regulation and pathophysiological significance of the cGAS-STING pathway and highlight its crucial role in innate antiviral immunity and other broader fields.
The cGAS-STING pathway in teleost fish is systematically summarized to enhance the comprehensive understanding for the innate immune regulatory network, and the potential molecular targets is to be identified for disease-resistant breeding, immune enhancement, and sustainable aquaculture practices.
Qi-Yan Wang, Xiu-Ying Cui, M. Guo et al.· Fish and Shellfish Immunolog...· 0 citations
ABSTRACT The cGAS-STING pathway detects cytosolic dsDNA to initiate innate immune responses, serving as a critical surveillance system against infection and cellular stress. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process that maintains homeostasis by degrading cytoplasmic components. Although these two syst...
Ze-Bo Huang, Xiang-Zheng Gao, Jin-Yi Lin et al.· Autophagy Reports· 0 citations
The cGAS-STING pathway is a fundamental cytosolic DNA-sensing mechanism that activates innate immune responses through the production of type I interferons (IFNs) and other cytokines. Autophagy, a conserved intracellular degradation system, plays crucial roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis by clearing damaged o...
Dan-Dan Ye, Qiong Li, Amit Sharma et al.· Molecular Medicine· 0 citations
A detailed understanding of the cGAS-STING axis has substantial value in providing theoretical guidance and supporting clinical translation in the development of next-generation combination immunotherapies, as well as broadening the patient population benefiting from clinical interventions.
Xin-Ru Zhao, Shuai Meng, Hanzeng Cheng et al.· Cancer Biology and Medicine· 0 citations
A comprehensive functional atlas of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is presented, revealing how distinct structural regions of STING collectively regulate interferon induction, NF-κ B activation and non-canonical autophagy.
A. Cuapio, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren· Signal Transduction and Targ...· 0 citations
The vital role of cGAS‐STING in the immune process is reviewed, as well as the fact that viruses causing human tumor lesions can activate cGAS‐STING, leading to virus inhibition and further preventing the occurrence and development of related cancers, and the paradoxically promoted progression of related cancers by vir...
Li-Mei Guo, Li Li, Fang Wang et al.· Cell Biochemistry and Functi...· 0 citations
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