The Gain-Engineered Transmon

Abstract

The interaction between a qubit and its environment can be engineered such that one error channel dominates over all others, resulting in noise bias. This property enables error correction codes to focus on the dominant error type, thereby significantly reducing the number of physical systems required for fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, engineering noise bias typically introduces complexity at the physical system level, which decreases its usefulness by limiting scalability. Here, we introduce and experimentally realize a noise-biased qubit in a standard transmon-readout resonator circuit, one of the most common superconducting architectures, by only adding a single microwave tone. We encode the qubit in the transmon $|\mathrm{g}\rangle$- and $|\mathrm{f}\rangle$-states, and engineer a frequency-selective gain channel that counteracts single-photon loss errors between the computational states. We demonstrate an order-of-magnitude enhancement in relaxation time compared to the $|\mathrm{g}\rangle-|\mathrm{e}\rangle$ encoding, conceding only a factor-of-two decrease in the echo-coherence time. Furthermore, we show that this qubit is compatible with fast, high-fidelity operations. Our results open a path towards using this system as a simple building-block for hardware-efficient quantum error detection and correction schemes.